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1.
Effectiveness of selection for quality traits during the early stage in the potato breeding population 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Potato cultivars resistant to cold‐temperature sweetening are of major importance to the processing industry producing both chips (crisps) and French fries. When most modern potato cultivars are maintained in cold storage to retard sprouting, the tubers accumulate reducing sugars, and the products become an unacceptable brown colour when fried. Selection for better processing quality during the early generations of a breeding programme could be of considerable advantage. Using a portable ‘sugarmeter’, which requires only a drop of sap from the tuber on a test strip, many samples can be efficiently surveyed for low sugar as early as the F1 generation. Using seedlings of three test crosses, glucose and specific gravity of field‐grown tubers, minitubers from greenhouses and microtubers from in vitro culture were compared after cold treatment. Although the mean glucose levels of minitubers and microtubers were higher than field‐grown tubers, the correlation between the glucose contents of the three types of tubers was fairly high. A considerable genetic improvement was noted when progenies were grown as minitubers or microtubers, even though the response to selection for low glucose levels in minitubers and microtubers was lower than from direct selection from field‐grown tubers. The specific gravity of field‐grown tubers showed a significant association with freshly harvested minitubers and microtubers. Selection for low glucose content in minitubers can therefore save considerable resources in a breeding programme. 相似文献
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Summary The performance of potato crops raised from two types of microtuber, green (induced in light-dark photoperiod) and white (induced
in continuous darkness), of 18 genotypes was studied for 22 morphological and agronomic characters. Mean squares due to microtuber
type, genotype and their interaction were mostly significant for various characters. Green microtubers were better than white
microtubers for subsequent crop performance for most of the characters including tuber yield and general impression. This
was mainly due to more eyes and shorter dormancy in green microtubers than in white microtubers. The in vitro system of microtuberization
by serial culture of axillary buds in separated nodes, as used in the present study, was found to be genetically stable for
the propagating material. 相似文献
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Sunil Kumar G B Ganapathi T R Bapat V A 《中国马铃薯》2006,20(5):290-297
Molecular farming refers to the production ofrecombinant proteins in heterologous expressionsystems.The recent advances in genomics andproteomics resulted in identification of several newgenes.These have to be functionally characterized toexplore their probable use in diverse applications.Itis quite unlikely that a single expression system couldsupport the production of these proteins,thereforethere is a needtoidentifyandanalyzedifferentnovelex-pression systems for the recombinant protein prod… 相似文献
5.
K. Pruski P. Duplessis T. Lewis T. Astatkie J. Nowak P. C. Struik 《Potato Research》2001,44(4):315-325
Summary Effects of jasmonic acid (JA) on in vitro tuberization of six potato cultivars were examined. Tuberization was carried out
in the dark, or with 8 h photoperiod on MS media with vitamins, 8% sucrose, 0.6% agar and either 2.5 μM JA (JAMed) or no JA
using explants either preconditioned with 2.5 μM JA (JAPret) or not. Cultivars Amisk, Russet Burbank, Sangre and Umatilla
Russet produced the most (1.0–1.7) and the largest microtubers per explant. Tuberization was inconsistent in Shepody and poor
in Atlantic. All cultivars tuberized significantly better in 8 h than in the dark. JA effects were cultivar specific and larger
in the dark than in light. In the dark, Amisk, Atlantic and Umatila Russet tuberized better in JAMed than in JAPret. These
cultivars did not benefit from JA treatments in light. Russet Burbank and Sangre tuberized in the dark better from JAPret
cuttings than on JAMed medium. JA had no effect on tuberization in Shepody. JA double treatment in light vs. control and individual
JA treatments significantly reduced tuberization in Shepody and Russet Burbank. 相似文献
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In vitro microtuberization: an evaluation of culture conditions for the production of virus-free seed potatoes 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
C. L. Lê 《Potato Research》1999,42(3-4):489-498
Summary A tissue culture technique is described in which nodal cuttings ofSolanum tuberosum L. are induced to form usable microtubers in order to produce high health status of the seed potato genotypes cultivated
in Switzerland. 相似文献
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Paolo Ranalli 《Potato Research》1997,40(4):439-453
Summary The production of large volumes of vitroplantlets and greenhouse tubers for increasing the rate of multiplication at the start
of seed programmes provides the opportunity of reducing the total number of field generations grown before the seed moves
into commerce. This implementation is especially useful for countries where high quality potato seed tubers cannot be produced
because there are no vector-free production areas.
This review covers the following steps: a) laboratory production of microplantlets and microtubers; b) minituber production
in the glasshouse; c) storage and dormancy of micro- and minitubers; d) field performance of micro- and minitubers compared
with conventional seed tubers; e) incorporation of the mentioned propagules in seed production systems.
Many optimized protocols are already available for propagating plantlets, inducing microtubers and obtaining minitubers in
the glasshouse at all periods of the year. Advanced molecular approaches techniques (RFLP and RAPD) to detect genetic variation
in the progeny of these propagules have been described. Investigations carried out in this field have shown genetic stability,
with the propagules usually reproducing plants true-to-type and tubers without deviants. By contrast, variations were demonstrated
in DNA extracted from old suspension cell culture. Field trials assessed a lower yield potential crops from in vitro propagules
compared with conventional seed tubers., mainly due to slow early crop development and the failure of plants caused by early
stress after emergence. This may cause problems when the growing season is short because of the necessity for planting late
to avoid night frosts and the mandatory haulm killing dates, common in many seed producing areas. Strategies for improving
the field performance of micro- and minitubers are discussed. The most promising crop husbandry techniques appear to be: a)
using tubers of a suitable physiological age, properly presprouted and encapsulated; b) optimizing the time application of
fertilizer and irrigation, and c) using floating films.
Outside the classical seed tuber areas of Northern Europe where the length of the growing period for pre-basic seed is usually
not more than 80 days, the growing season is long enough to obtain reasonable yields even from micro- and minitubers. 相似文献
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Summary Potato microtubers are usually induced in media containing growth regulatory, typically cytokinins and growth retardants.
However, since these substances may imbalance the physiology of the cultured explants and cause adverse carry-over effects
on the subsequent performance of the microtubers, the potential acid-induction of in vitro-mass tuberization was investigated
as an alternative. For this purpose, a range of explant types (stolons, single-node or apex-containing multinodal sections),
organic acids (acetic, propionic, ascorbic, acetylsalicylic or salicylic acid), and photoperiods (continuous dark, 8 or 16
h photoperiod) were established. Gellified medium or raft membranes on liquid medium were also tested.
Although variations due to explant type, photoperiod, organic acid supplemented, and medium type were found, all organic acids
tested under the different experiments caused tuberization. Multiple tuber formation or bigger tubers did not develop on multinodal
explants. In terms of tuberization rate and mean tuber weight, gellified medium performed better than liquid medium with rafts.
The recently established role of the salicylic and acetylsalicylic acids on tuberization is corroborated by our system. The
results with the acetic, propionic and ascorbic acids show that in vitro hormone-free tuberization can be easily and rapidly
achieved. 相似文献