生、炒酸枣仁镇静催眠作用的比较研究

采用两种催眠试验方法,观察生、炒酸枣仁煎剂对阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠入睡的影响及对阈剂量戊巴比妥钠睡眠的影响.结果阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠的入睡试验中,不同炮制酸枣仁处理差异不明显;同一炮制中高剂量作用大于低剂量;在睡眠试验中亦获得类似的结果.结果表明:生、炒酸枣仁在同一剂量下药理作用无差异,但同种炮制存在一定的剂量效应关系.     

半夏不同溶剂提取物镇静催眠活性比较

[目的]研究比较半夏不同溶剂提取物的镇静、催眠作用。[方法]采用连续溶剂提取法制备半夏不同溶剂提取物,通过行为药理学试验,考察半夏不同溶剂提取物对小鼠自主活动和戊巴比妥诱导睡眠的影响。[结果]半夏浓度95%乙醇提取物和浓度60%乙醇提取物能显著抑制小鼠的自主活动;对戊巴比妥诱导的睡眠表现出协同作用,不仅显著增加了催眠剂量戊巴比妥小鼠的入睡只数,而且显著缩短了睡眠剂量戊巴比妥小鼠的入睡潜伏期,延长了其睡眠时间,具有明显的镇静、催眠作用。[结论]半夏醇提物为其镇静、催眠活性部位。     

酸枣仁水提取物的镇静催眠试验研究

以酸枣仁为材料,采用水提取醇沉降法提取酸枣仁中的水提取物,研究酸枣仁水提取物对试验动物的镇静,催眠作用。主要以对硝酸士的宁惊厥作用的影响,来观察对闽上剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠睡眠时间,对阁下剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠入睡率的影响。结果表明：与空白组进行比较,高剂量组（80g／kg）差异非常显著（P〈O．01）,中剂量组（50g／kg）差异显著（P〈0．05）,都可以减弱硝酸士的宁的惊厥作用,延长闲上剂量戊巴比妥钠所致睡眠时间,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠的入睡率。     

灵芝破壁孢子粉改善睡眠作用研究

目的 观察灵芝破壁孢子粉的改善睡眠作用.方法 将清洁级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照组及灵芝破壁孢子粉低、中、高剂量组,每组15只.对照组灌胃给予0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠20mL/kg,灵芝破壁孢子粉低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予灵芝破壁孢子粉0.25、0.5、1.0mg/kg,每日1次,连续灌胃30天.观察小鼠直接睡眠的入睡动物数及睡眠时间,戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠的睡眠发生率,戊巴比妥钠阈剂量催眠的睡眠时间及巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠潜伏期.结果灵芝破壁孢子可明显延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间,缩短巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠潜伏期,提高戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠发生率,对直接睡眠小鼠入睡动物数及睡眠时间均无明显影响.结论灵芝破壁孢子粉具有改善睡眠作用.     

落花生茎叶化学成分及药理作用研究进展

落花生茎叶虽然不是传统中药,但在我国民间应用较多,其镇静安神作用显著,疗效可靠。我国大面积种植落花生,落花生茎叶的资源丰富。近年来,含落花生茎叶的中成药如落花安神合剂、避风降压片、紫癜宁丸被广大患者认可。但是,对落花生茎叶的作用机理及药效物质基础还不清楚,药材的质量控制方法也尚未明确。笔者对落花生茎叶进行研究,已建立其HPLC指纹图谱。在此,进一步总结落花生茎叶的化学成分和药理作用的研究进展,为落花生茎叶的有效成分的研究开发提供参考,为落花生茎叶药材的质量标准的制定奠定基础。     

Hypnotic effects and pharmacokinetics of a single bolus dose of propofol in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata). [corrected

ObjectiveTo describe the hypnotic effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in Japanese macaques, and to develop a pharmacokinetic model.Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsFour male macaques (5-6 years old, 8.0-11.2 kg).MethodsThe macaque was restrained and 8 mg kg^?1 of propofol was administrated intravenously at 6 mg kg^?1 minute^?1. Behavioural changes without stimuli (first experiment) then responses to external stimuli (the second experiment) were assessed every 2 minutes for 20 minutes. Venous blood samples were collected before and at 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 210 minutes after drug administration, and plasma concentrations of propofol were measured (third experiment). Pharmacokinetic modelling was performed using NONMEM VI.ResultsMacaques were recumbent without voluntary movement for a mean 14.0 ± 2.7 SD (range 10.5-16.2) or 10.0 ± 3.4 (7.2-14.5) minutes and recovered to behave as pre-administration by 25.1 ± 3.6 (22.1-30.1) or 22.2 ± 1.5 (21.1-24.3) minutes after the end of propofol administration without or with stimuli, respectively. Respiratory and heart rates were stable throughout the experiments (28-68 breaths minute^?1 and 72-144 beats minute^?1, respectively). Our final pharmacokinetic model included three compartments and well described the plasma concentration of propofol. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were: V₁ = 10.4 L, V₂=8.38 L, V₃=72.7 L, CL₁= 0.442 L minute^?1, CL₂= 1.14 L minute^?1, CL₃= 0.313 L minute^?1, (the volumes of distribution and the clearances for the central, rapid and slow peripheral compartments, respectively).ConclusionsIntravenous administration of propofol (8 mg kg^?1) at 6 mg kg^?1 minute^?1 to Japanese macaques had a hypnotic effect lasting more than 7 minutes. A three-compartment model described propofol plasma concentrations over more than 3 hours.Clinical relevanceThe developed pharmacokinetic parameters may enable simulations of administration protocols to maintain adequate plasma concentration of propofol.     

佩兰精油镇静催眠作用的研究

为了探索中草药佩兰(Eupatorium fortunei Turcz.)中挥发性小分子物质镇静的可行性,比较了定量嗅吸佩兰精油、薰衣草(Lavandula anguistifolia)精油和腹腔注射地西泮对ICR小鼠的镇静效果。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,2种精油都不能显著缩短ICR小鼠的睡眠潜伏期,但浓度为2g/L的佩兰精油使ICR小鼠的睡眠持续期延长124.75%(P0.01)、自主活动量减少47.92%(P0.05),同时降低了小鼠体温(P0.05),薰衣草精油中0.2g/L的浓度镇静催眠效果最明显,表现为使ICR小鼠的睡眠持续期延长63.91%(P0.05)、自主活动量减少20.81%(P0.05)、也同时降低了小鼠体温(P0.05)。通过GC-MS分析得知,佩兰精油的主要成分有β-倍半水芹烯、β-石竹烯、惕格酸百里酚酯、异丁酸百里香、石竹素、2-羟基-5-甲基苯乙酮、芳樟醇。