The effect of feeding a novel multistrain yeast fraction on European seabass (Dicentrachus labrax) intestinal health and growth performance

Fish were fed a single‐strain yeast fraction (SsYF; 2 g/kg) or a multistrain yeast fraction (MsYF; 0.8 g/kg) for 10 weeks. The results demonstrated significant (p ≤ 0.03) elevations in weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and feed conversion ratio in fish fed the yeast fraction‐supplemented diets. In the distal intestine, a significant elevation in microvilli density was observed after 5 and 10 weeks of dietary supplementation with MsYF and SsYF, respectively, compared to control fed fish (p < 0.001). A significant elevation (p = 0.02) in the perimeter ratio was observed in fish fed diets supplemented with the yeast fractions. After 10 weeks of feeding on the experimental diets, Rt‐qPCR demonstrated a significant downregulation (p < 0.05) in the stress response genes, heat‐shock protein 70 (hsp70) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), in fish fed diets supplemented with the yeast fractions. Significant (p < 0.05) elevations in interleukin 1‐beta (il1β) and interleukin‐10 (il10) gene expression were observed in fish fed diets supplemented with the MsYF compared to the other dietary groups. These findings suggest that feeding an MsYF specifically at a lower incorporation rate < 1 g/kg, compared to a commercial SsYF at 2 g/kg, is effective in improving the intestinal health status and growth performance of European seabass.     

基于森林健康理念的森林康养产业发展研究

阐述了森林健康理念和森林康养的基本概念,介绍了森林健康理念和森林康养的发展现状,分析了森林健康与森林康养产业之间的关系。结果表明:森林康养产业的理论基础就是基于森林健康理念继承发展来的,必然会促进森林健康产业的发展。运用森林健康理念指导森林康养产业发展是森林康养产业可持续发展的有效途径,森林健康理念在中国会不断完善和发展,也更有利于中国森林康养产业的发展。展望康养产业,会形成一种新的经济形态,成为国民福祉。     

Soil quality assessments in integrated crop–livestock–forest systems: A review

Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.     

围场县马铃薯中典型药物污染特征及健康风险评价

为掌握典型药物在农作物中的污染特征及健康风险,保障农产品质量安全,利用超声萃取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术,对围场县全县马铃薯中5大类(磺胺类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类及其他类)25种药物污染水平及富集效果进行了调查,并对健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,有20种目标物被检出,不同目标物检出率差异显著,检出含量范围为0.13～3.67μg·kg-1,单种污染物最高检出含量为17.0μg·kg-1。马铃薯对目标污染物的富集系数范围在0.01～39.6之间,最大富集系数为61.8。畜禽粪便是马铃薯中药物残留的主要来源,尽管整体检出水平和健康风险相对较低,但长期摄入与协同作用引发的潜在健康风险不容忽视。因此,仍需严控污染源头,推进畜禽粪便安全资源化利用,确保农田环境质量及农产品安全品质。     

I—ELISA特异诊断棘球蚴（包虫）病的研究

采用亲和层析技术纯化的兔抗棘球蚴抗体，建立了酶联免疫吸附抑制试验（Ｉ—ＥＬＩＳＡ）。取代反应和阻断反应均无非特异反应；检测健康对照血清１２６份（人３６，猪９０），均为阴性；与猪囊尾蚴病血清１３６份（人４６，猪９０）、细颈囊尾蚴病血清３８份（羊２２、猪１６）无交叉反应；对棘球蚴病血清１８３份（人６１、羊７１、猪５１）进行检测，其阳性符合率分别为８８．５％（５４／６１）、９８．６％（７０／７１）、９６．１％（４９／５１）。     

北方农牧交错带农田生态系统健康评价 ——以武川县为例

采用生态系统健康的理论和评价方法分析评价农田生态环境问题具有重要的理论和现实意义,应用生态健康指数定量评价农田健康水平是生态系统管理的重要内容。以武川县农田为研究对象,选择水分、生物量、幅宽等代表性指标,分析了不同作物覆盖下农田生态健康指数。结果表明:不同种植模式间农田健康指数差别明显。播种期较早的小麦田最为健康,没有采用地膜覆盖的马铃薯田健康指数最低,而采用地膜覆盖的马铃薯田健康指数比较高。推广小麦栽培和覆膜栽培是北方农牧交错带农田很好的经营管理模式,具有推广价值,是缓解该地区环境的有效手段之一。     

The effects of agricultural fields and human settlements on the use of rivers by wildlife in the mid-Zambezi valley,Zimbabwe

After the eradication of the Tse-Tse fly in the Mid-Zambezi valley, human settlements and fields extended mainly along the main rivers. In order to investigate the consequences of this human development on wildlife diversity we monitored three rivers of the Mid-Zambezi valley in Zimbabwe: Angwa, Manyame and Kadzi. The rivers were divided in segments of 200 m which were checked for spoors in order to assess the number of species and the number of individuals that used the segments. Human settlements were also recorded. We used a GIS to define the spatial characteristics of the fields present along the rivers, and related them to the distribution and abundance of wild species spoors in the river beds and banks. Our results show that the number of species in one segment of the river decreased with the increasing size of the field area bordering the segment. For all the major ungulate species, the numbers of individuals recorded per segment decreased with increasing field area. A similar trend was observed for small and medium-sized carnivores, though they were in lower numbers when present. Our analyses thus confirm that the extension of human agriculture in wildlife areas has an impact on most wild species, but we also define some threshold value of field size above which there seem to be an acceleration of the decrease in wildlife density and diversity: 3.2 ha for medium and small herbivores and carnivores; only the elephant seem to tolerate larger field area with a threshold value of 32 ha.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Viral diseases of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

The ostrich is an important animal in many livestock industries. A significant threat to this industry is losses from diseases. Newcastle disease is a notifiable, highly contagious viral infection of ostriches. Avian influenza may be transmitted from waterfowl, shorebirds and gulls to ostriches. Borna disease virus is a viral neurotropic infection spread mainly by rodents and felines. Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease transmitted by Hyalomma ticks to humans. Avipoxvirus afflicts ostrich chicks and is transmitted by mosquitoes or by direct contact with a pox lesion. Maintenance of a healthy and profitable enterprise requires the implementation, with assistance from the local veterinary authority, of comprehensive, practical and effective methods of health management and preventative medicine.     

胶州湾鱼类生物量粒径谱特征

为了解胶州湾海域鱼类群落粒径结构特征,本研究根据2016—2017年4次底拖网调查数据构建了胶州湾鱼类生物量粒径谱,比较分析了各季节鱼类生物量粒径谱特征参数的异质性。结果显示,胶州湾Sheldon型鱼类生物量粒径谱呈现单峰模式,鱼类粒径范围为-3～10粒径级,粒径分布相对均匀,且峰值位于5～6粒径级,主要由大泷六线鱼和褐菖鲉等小型鱼类构成。各季节鱼类标准化生物量粒径谱曲率和曲度差异显著,其中春季曲率最大且曲线较平缓,夏季曲率最小且曲线相对陡峭。谱线曲度和曲率的季节变化主要与粒径小的细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼、玉筋鱼及长丝虾虎鱼等地方常栖性种类和赤鼻棱鳀、白姑鱼等季节洄游性种类的出现有关。Abundance-biomass comparison(ABC)曲线表明,春季处于未干扰状态,冬季处于中度干扰状态,夏秋季处于严重干扰状态。研究表明,胶州湾鱼类群落总体处于严重干扰状态,鱼类生物量谱呈现单峰型,粒径结构以小型粒径鱼类为主,且地方常栖性和季节洄游性鱼类等补充群体的数量和粒径大小影响鱼类生物量粒径谱的峰型和曲率。     

单纯性肥胖儿童综合干预及健康教育模式探讨

目的对单纯性肥胖儿童进行综合干预,探讨"医院-学校-社区-家庭四位一体"的健康教育模式,达到对单纯性肥胖儿童的有效控制和良好的健康教育。方法肥胖组采用:(1)干预问卷调查设计方案;(2)对肥胖组儿童的干预;(3)学校与社区对肥胖儿童的发展关注与否的调查与干预;(4)家长对儿童养育观念的影响;(5)测定干预前后的两组生化检测指标(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血尿酸、血糖);对照组:在未做任何干预的情况下对本组儿童进行相应的问卷调查与生化检测。结果经干预后肥胖儿童吃饭速度快、常吃油炸食品者比干预前明显减少,每天户外活动超过2h和有吃早餐良好习惯者则比干预前明显增多(P<0.01或0.05);肥胖组干预前的总能量、脂肪、总胆固醇和血尿酸均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),干预后肥胖组的能量摄入明显下降(P<0.05),脂肪的摄入及总胆固醇和血尿酸也有所下降,但差异尚未达统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后肥胖组儿童家长对孩子的养育观念更科学、养育方式更为合理。结论实施"医院-学校-社区-家庭四位一体"的健康教育模式,制定综合干预措施,有效降低了单纯肥胖儿童的发生率,对减少肥胖所致的并发症具有重要的临床意义。