Enhancement of sulfide auto-oxidation by metal ion in artificial seawater and a seawater which is a possible source of aoshio

SUMMARY: Aoshio is hypoxic milky blue-green seawater observed in some eutrophic bays. Previous studies have shown that colloidal sulfur causes the coloration and that the source of aoshio water is attributed to coastal anoxic bottom water. Occurrences of aoshio have been reported in limited areas of coastal seawater, although hypoxic transparent water seems rather universal. Promotion in auto-oxidation of sulfide by metal ions in seawater was investigated to explain the occurrences of aoshio. Artificial seawater containing 10 μM metal ion was assayed for the sulfide oxidation rate. The velocity constant which represents the oxidation rate within the initial 30 min and the amount of reacted sulfide in 2 h were determined by oxygen monitoring and sulfide quantification, respectively. Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ enhanced the initial 30 min reaction. Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Ni²⁺ increased the amount of reacted sulfide in 2 h, forming whitish turbid water. Seawater from a suspected source of aoshio water was also assayed for the auto-oxidation rate of sulfide. The oxidation rate in water from 12 m depth was 13–19 times higher than the artificial seawater without an addition of heavy metal ions. More than 15% of the oxidation rate in 12 m deep seawater was explained by dissolved iron in the seawater.     

The Effect of Lead and Zinc on Plant Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Holcus lanatus L.

Root length of Holcus lanatus L. declined rapidly with increasing lead and zinc concentrations in nutrient solution. In all used Pb and Zn concentrations root growth of genotypes coming from a Pb-Zn mine area, was greater than that of the control, suggesting that these genotypes evolved tolerance to Pb and Zn.
Negative correlation was also observed between chlorophyll content and increased heavy metal concentrations. The greater chlorophyll content found in tolerant genotypes, in different Pb and Zn concentrations, in comparison with the control, could be served to distinguish tolerant and non-tolerant genotypes.     

贵州茶园土壤中重金属元素含量的检测与分析

对贵州地区33个乡镇茶园土壤中铅、镉、铬、铜、汞、砷、硒7种元素含量进行了检测。运用SPSS 12.0软件对所掌握的数据进行聚类分析。结果表明,33个茶园土壤共分为5组,共有26个茶园土壤被划入第1组。对聚类分析的分组结果进行单因素方差分析,判断各组间7种元素的含量特征是,铅、铬、铜、砷4种元素含量组间差异极显著(P<0.01),硒元素含量组间差异接近显著水平(P=0.058)。说明,该聚类分析结果是有效的,可为贵州省茶园规划及相关产业政策的制定提供依据。     

基于田块尺度土壤重金属空间分布及其生态风险评价

为了揭示田块尺度上土壤重金属污染特征及空间分布,以河南省新乡县翟坡镇某冬小麦种植农田为研究对象,采集了202个农田表层0～20 cm土壤和40个0～100 cm剖面土壤样品,分析了土壤样品中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni和Mn的含量特征,运用地统计分析中的普通克里格插值法研究土壤重金属的空间分布规律,并结合地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对研究区土壤重金属的生态风险进行评价。结果表明,研究区表层土壤Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni和Mn均值为0.95、24.35、6.40、35.52、319.60、21.76mg·kg^-1和157.32 mg·kg^-1。Cr、Cd、Pb含量均超过河南省土壤重金属含量背景值,其中Cr、Cd含量超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618—2018)筛选值,点位超标率分别为98%和100%。总体来看,土壤重金属含量随着剖面深度增加而降低,调查区南部的部分区域重金属含量偏高。从地质累积指数法与潜在生态危害指数法两种方法来看,Cd污染最为严重,生态风险较高,应当对该区域土壤Cd污染采取一定...     

Evaluation of a Thermophilic,Psychrostable, and Heavy Metal-Resistant Red Sea Brine Pool Esterase

Lipolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of ester compounds. They are valuable in the pulp, food, and textile industries. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the extreme properties of a hormone-sensitive lipase (EstATII-TM) isolated from the Red Sea Atlantis II brine pool. EstATII-TM was cloned, expressed, and its biochemical activities were assessed under different conditions. EstATII-TM catalytic properties and resistance to different metal ions were compared to commercial thermophilic esterases under different temperatures. Phylogenetically, EstATII-TM was assigned to the GDSAG motif subfamily of hormone-sensitive lipase. The optimal enzyme activity was evident at a temperature of 30 °C and pH 7–8. The enzyme retained 84.9% of its activity at 0.5 M NaCl. EstATII-TM maintained 93% to 97% activity at −40 and −20 °C, respectively. EstATII-TM activity was significantly enhanced, up to 10-fold, at temperatures ranging from 45 to 65 °C in the presence of 1 mM Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺. EstATII-TM showed superior catalytic activity and resistance-to/enhancement-by metal ions compared to two commercial thermophilic esterases. The Red Sea Atlantis II brine EstATII-TM is characterized by tolerance to high temperatures, stability to hot and cold conditions, as well as toxic heavy metal contamination, making it an ideal candidate for industrial processes.     

玉米秸秆水热生物炭施用对土壤重金属Cd生物有效性和微生物群落的影响

为了探究玉米秸秆水热生物炭（简称水热炭）施用对镉（Cd）污染土壤的修复效果及作用机制,通过盆栽试验,分析了不同水热炭在不同添加率下（1%和 3%）对土壤 Cd生物有效性和作物吸收的影响,并探究了不同条件下的微生物群落结构。结果表明：与对照相比,水热炭施用显著提高了土壤有机质和溶解性有机碳含量,土壤中二乙烯三胺五乙酸提取的Cd（DTPA-Cd）和油菜叶片 Cd含量分别降低了 5.01%~20.98%和 10.82%~34.16%。提高水热温度和水热炭添加率有助于降低土壤 DTPA-Cd含量。此外,施用水热炭显著增强了根际土壤细菌的多样性和丰度,且明显改变了微生物群落结构。与对照组相比,施用水热炭显著降低了根际土壤中Actinobacteriota的相对丰度,提高了Proteobacteria和Bacteroidota的相对丰度。冗余分析表明土壤溶解性有机碳含量是影响根际土壤细菌群落结构的关键因素。因此,水热炭对重金属污染土壤有很大的修复潜力,但其对土壤重金属的长期效应有待进一步研究。     

培养料中重金属元素对金针菇产品质量安全的影响

研究了工厂化栽培过程中,培养料中As、Hg、Pb、Cd的添加水平对金针菇子实体产量的影响及在子实体中的累积规律。结果表明子实体中As、Hg、Pb、Cd的含量随着培养料中浓度的增加而增加,而且Hg会降低生物学效率,Cd略提高生物学效率。通过对培养料中重金属添加浓度与子实体含量的回归分析发现二者的线性相关性极显著。根据农业标准《绿色食品食用菌》中重金属的限量要求,初步推出金针菇的培养料中As、Hg、Pb、Cd的安全限量值应分别不高于1.0、0.1、10.0、1.0 mg/kg。     

抗重金属铜细菌的分离鉴定和吸附性能研究

从土壤中分离具有抗重金属铜的细菌,用于去除废水中的重金属铜。对保定近郊炼铜厂排污口处的土样中进行分离,得到15株形态不同的细菌,经鉴定,分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas),寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)。这15株细菌都具有铜吸附能力,其中吸附能力最好的是菌株764。     

重金属污染对土壤微生物种群数量及活性的影响

通过综述重金属污染对土壤微生物种群数量及其生物活性方面的影响,指出土壤重金属污染会破坏微生物种群,降低微生物活性,抑制微生物生长,进而影响土壤质量。在此基础上,讨论了微生物活动又是评价土壤环境质量的敏感性指标。