Inheritance of resistance to race 330 of Plasmopara halstedii in three sunflower lines

Sunflower lines RHA‐274, HA‐61 and RHA‐325 were studied for their resistance to race 330 of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii). The same inbred line, with normal (HA‐89) or sterile cytoplasm (cmsHA‐89) was used in all the crosses as susceptible parent, and, in each cross, only one genotype of the resistant parent was studied. The resistant‐to‐susceptible ratios obtained in the BC₁ and F₂ progenies from the crosses of the lines RHA‐274 and HA‐61 to cmsHA‐89 and HA‐89, respectively, suggested that, in each resistant line, two dominant genes are responsible for resistance to this downy mildew race. One of the genes (A) is epistatic to the other (B), and the recessive allele b in homozygosity is also epistatic to aa, with plants carrying aabb genotypes being resistant. Resistance to race 330 seemed to be controlled by two complementary genes in the sunflower inbred line RHA‐325, the dominant allele of one of them being present in cmsHA‐89. In the genotypes HA‐89 or cmsHA‐89, the existence of genes that modify the expected segregations following the crosses with resistant parents is proposed. It is concluded that, although major genes have been described as responsible for monogenic resistance to downy mildew, other types of regulation of this character, such as complementarity and epistatic relationships, do occur.     

Inheritance of resistance to sunflower downy mildew races 1, 2 and 3 in cultivated sunflower

Sunflower downy mildew (SDM) caused by Plasmopara halstedii, is a major disease of sunflower. Eleven resistance genes have been identified, but allelic relationships among these genes are not clear. This study examined the inheritance and allelic relationships of genes conferring resistance to SDM races 1, 2 and 3 (virulence phenotypes 100, 300 and 700, respectively) and confirmed a twelfth resistance gene. Three USDA Plant Introductions, AMES 3235, PI 497250, and PI 497938, and three released lines, RHA 266, RHA 274 and DM‐2 were studied. RHA 266 has only the Pl₁ gene for race 1 resistance. Digenic inheritance of resistance was found in AMES 3235, PI 497250, and RHA 274. These lines have the Pl₁ and Pl₁₂ genes, conferring resistance to race 1, and the Pl₂ and Pl₁₁ genes, conferring resistance to race 2. DM‐2 and PI 497938 have Pl₁₂ (but not Pl₁ for resistance to race 1, the Pl₁₂ gene (but not the Pl₂) for resistance to race 2, and Pl₅ for resistance to race 3. These resistance genes will serve as a foundation for future gene designations and genetic diversity studies of resistance to SDM.     

Development of co-dominant amplified polymorphic sequence markers for resistance of sunflower to downy mildew race 730

The inheritance of the reaction of sunflower to downy mildew was investigated using resistant and susceptible near isogenic lines (NILs) and their F₃ families. Resistance to race 730 was evaluated using the whole seedling inoculation technique. Seventy-three F₃ families were inoculated, among which 54 families were resistant and 19 susceptible, fitting a 3 : 1 segregation ratio. F₃ families were also studied using several PCR markers. Ten markers at the Pl6 locus, specific for the resistant line, also segregated in F₃ families with a 3 : 1 ratio. The same segregation ratio occurred for microsatellite haplotypes that resembled the resistant parent, and were amplified with ORS 166 and ORS 1043. The only common fragment that was observed between resistant and susceptible parental lines was one of the TIR-NBS-LRR resistance gene analogue markers, having a restriction site. Two co-dominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were obtained. The mapping data indicate that several dominant markers and two CAPS markers, developed here, completely co-segregate with the Pl6 gene conferring resistance to race 730. CAPS markers will facilitate efficient marker-assisted selection for sunflower resistance to downy mildew race 730.     

吉林省向日葵霜霉病生理小种鉴定

利用ＨＡ８９、ＲＳ３１０、ＲＨＡ２７４和ＨＡ３３５等４个国际鉴别寄主对吉林省向日葵主要产区向日葵霜霉病菌［Ｐｌａｓｍｏｐａｒａｈａｌｓｔｅｄｉｉ（Ｆａｒｌ）ＢｅｒｌｄｅＴｏｎｉ］菌株进行了生理小种鉴定．鉴定结果表明，这些地区向日葵霜霉病菌生理小种为１号小种．即欧洲小种。     

向日葵霜霉病种子带菌研究

用种子洗涤检验法和分部染色检验法研究了向日葵霜霉病菌（Ｐｌａｓｍｏｐａｒａｈａｌｓｔｅｄｉ）种子带菌特点。结果表明，内果皮和种皮中带有菌丝体、吸器和卵孢子，胚和胚乳中不带菌，种子表面污染有孢子囊和卵孢子。另外，种子间混杂的病株残片也带有菌丝体、卵孢子和孢子囊。带菌种子传病试验证实带有卵孢子的种子能产生少数系统侵染病株；而仅带有菌丝体和吸器的种子，除萌发率降低，幼苗发育不良外，未发现任何症状，体内也未见病菌