不同方法构建磺胺二甲氧嘧啶免疫抗原的比较研究

为探讨合成磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)免疫抗原的有效途径,采用重氮偶合法和戊二醛法分别合成SDM免疫抗原,并对其结构特征、光谱特征和SDM结合比进行比较.结果表明,在合成SDM-BSA中采用重氮偶合法比戊二醛法好.     

Effect of wheat germ flour addition on wheat flour,dough and Chinese steamed bread properties

Wheat germ flour (WGF) has been developed as a functional food ingredient with high nutritional value. In this study, WGF was applied in steamed bread-making in order to improve the quality of Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Partial substitution of wheat flour with WGF at levels of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% (w/w) was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties of blends and their steaming performance. Falling number (FN) values of composite flours ranged from 199 to 223 s. Viscosity analysis results showed that wheat flour mixed with WGF had higher pasting temperature and lower viscosities. Dough rheological properties were also investigated using farinograph and extensograph. The addition of WGF diluted the gluten protein in dough and formed weak and inextensible dough, which can be studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. CSB made with WGF had significantly lower volume, specific volume and higher spread ratio. The sensory acceptability and physicochemical quality of CSB were improved with the application of a low level of WGF (3% and 6%). However, results showed that a high level of WGF over 9% is not recommended because of unsatisfactory taste. As a whole, addition of appropriate level of WGF in wheat flour could improve the quality of CSB.     

不同方法构建磺胺甲基嘧啶免疫抗原的比较研究

探索了磺胺甲基嘧啶(SM1)免疫抗原合成的有效途径,采用重氮偶合法和戊二醛法分别合成SM1免疫抗原,并对其光谱特征和SM1-BSA的结合比进行了比较.结果表明,在合成磺胺甲基嘧啶免疫抗原中采用重氮偶合法比戊二醛法的效果要好.     

四种常用渔药对泥鳅苗种急性毒性试验

通过静态单因子急性毒性试验,表明硫酸铜对泥鳅水花和夏花苗种的24,48,96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.702,0.587,0.509 mg/L和1.810,1.412,1.270 mg/L,安全浓度分别为0.05,0.13 mg/L;硫酸亚铁对泥鳅水花和夏花苗种的24,48,96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为12.472,9.819,8.297 mg/L和24.876,19.024,16.833 mg/L,安全浓度分别为0.83,1.68 mg/L;戊二醛对泥鳅水花和夏花苗种的24,48,96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为13.286,13.264,12.319 mg/L和45.101,42.701,40.547 mg/L,安全浓度分别为1.23,4.05 mg/L;氧化钙对泥鳅水花和夏花苗种的24,48,96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为102.609,102.299,98.815 mg/L和119.345,117.288,114.305 mg/L,安全浓度分别为9.88,11.43 mg/L。在泥鳅苗种阶段,药物敏感性由大到小依次为硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、戊二醛、氧化钙。     

Combination of quaternary ammonia and glutaraldehyde as a disinfectant against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses

Infectious bursal disease is a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease of chickens endemic in many poultry-producing areas around the world. The non-enveloped virus that causes the disease, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is highly stable and resistant to inactivation by common disinfectants. Avian influenza viruses (AIV), on the other hand, are highly vulnerable to most disinfectants due to their phospholipid envelope, but still pose a major threat to the poultry industry, as the outbreaks in 2015 in the United States have shown. Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of disinfectants against both IBDV and AIV but failed to take into consideration factors that would affect the disinfectant efficacy once used in the field, such as organic material. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a commercial combination of quaternary ammonia and glutaraldehyde as a disinfectant against IBDV and AIV in the presence of organic material commonly found in the commercial poultry industry: fecal matter alone, feathers/dust mixed with feces, and bedding material mixed with feces. After a 10-minute disinfectant contact time, each surface was swabbed and virus isolation attempted in embryonated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken eggs. The non-enveloped very virulent (vv) IBDV was reisolated from spiked feces and shavings treated with the disinfectant. This was confirmed by RT-PCR detection of the virus. In contrast, no viral isolate or RT-PCR product was obtained from the samples collected from spiked feathers/dust treated with the disinfectant. Finally, no low pathogenic (LP) AI was re-isolated from the samples treated with the disinfectant indicating that, under laboratory conditions, the combination of quaternary ammonia and glutaraldehyde was partially and completely effective in the inactivation of vvIBDV and LPAI, respectively. Not only the viral envelope, but also the presence of organic matter plays an important role in the viral resistance to disinfectants.     

泡沫消毒剂在养殖场的临床应用研究

为考察泡沫消毒剂对鸡场的消毒效果,选取洛阳周边一家蛋鸡场进行试验。将戊二醛苯扎漠鞍溶液按1 : 100倍稀释,使用自吸式泡沫清洗一体机进行消毒,分别考察泡沫消毒后30 min对地面、墙面和料槽的消毒效果,结果表明,使用泡沫型消毒剂戊二醛苯扎漠钱溶液以1 : 100倍稀释消毒30 min后,消毒效果在99.93%以上,消毒效果良好,这种泡沫消毒方法值得临床推广应用。     

施其乐对泥鳅外周血红细胞核异常的诱导效应

采用施其乐对泥鳅进行染毒试验,用常规方法制备血涂片,以研究其不同浓度在不同时间范围内对泥鳅红细胞核异常的诱导效应。结果表明：施其乐能不同程度地引起泥鳅红细胞核异常率的升高,各浓度处理组泥鳅红细胞核异常率随着时间的延长而增加;整体来看,在各取样时间段内,红细胞核异常率随着浓度的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势。     

A prospective comparison between stabilized glutaraldehyde and chlorhexidine gluconate for preoperative skin antisepsis in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 0.3% stabilized glutaraldehyde and alcohol (SG+A), 0.3% SG and water (SG+W), and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate tincture (CG+A), as skin disinfectants in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, blinded clinical study. ANIMALS: One hundred and twenty-one dogs. METHODS: Cutaneous bacterial colony forming units (CFU) from the perioperative site after skin preparation, after antisepsis, and after surgery (incisional and paramedian), were quantified. The influence of high initial bacterial counts (> or =150 CFU) and surgical time on antibacterial efficacy was examined and the proportion of dogs from which Staphylococcus intermedius was cultured, determined. Perioperative skin reactions and wound infections were documented. RESULTS: All 3 antiseptic solutions significantly and equally reduced CFU to all post-antisepsis sampling levels irrespective of surgical duration (mean surgical times 151.6, 136.2, and 149.6 minutes for CG+A, SG+A and SG+W, respectively). Median percentage reductions in CFU ranged between 99.3% and 100%. In dogs with initial high counts and disinfected with CG+A and SG+W, the incisional samples had significantly higher counts than the post-antisepsis samples. In the CG+A and SG+W groups, the proportion of post-surgery samples yielding S. intermedius was significantly higher at the incisional than the paramedian sites. Eight mild cutaneous reactions were recorded in equal proportions for the 3 solutions. There were no recorded infections. CONCLUSIONS: All 3 preparations had an equal ability to reduce and maintain low CFU counts, with minimal cutaneous reactions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: SG solutions are safe and effective preoperative skin antiseptics for elective clean-contaminated surgical procedures.     

戊二醛和季铵盐复合物对黄鳝的急性毒性作用

研究了戊二醛和季铵盐复合物对黄鳝(Monopterusalbus)的急性毒性作用,观察了黄鳝对2种药剂的毒性反应症状,得出了戊二醛对黄鳝的24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为58.77、41.69、38.54、30.05mL/m3,季铵盐复合物对黄鳝的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为296.72、164.10、111.55、76.76mL/m3;2种药物对黄鳝的安全浓度分别为3.01mL/m3和7.68mL/m3;2种药物对黄鳝的毒性强弱顺序为:戊二醛>季铵盐复合物。     

浓戊二醛防冻消毒剂的防冻及消杀效果

为考察添加防冻剂(乙二醇)的浓戊二醛消毒剂防冻及消杀效果,对不同温度条件下添加不同量防冻剂的浓戊二醛消毒剂(防冻剂/浓戊二醛消毒剂体积分数分别为2％、3％、4％、8％、10％、12％、14％)进行了冻结试验,并对其抑菌及杀灭非洲猪瘟病毒效果进行了验证,利用硫酸滴定法检测防冻剂对浓戊二醛有效含量及稳定性的影响.结果显示:...