Influence of the Structural Features of Carrageenans from Red Algae of the Far Eastern Seas on Their Antiviral Properties

The structural diversity and unique physicochemical properties of sulphated polysaccharides of red algae carrageenans (CRGs), to a great extent, determine the wide range of their antiviral properties. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of different structural types of CRGs: against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and enterovirus (ECHO-1). We found that CRGs significantly increased the resistance of Vero cells to virus infection (preventive effect), directly affected virus particles (virucidal effect), inhibited the attachment and penetration of virus to cells, and were more effective against HSV-1. CRG1 showed the highest virucidal effect on HSV-1 particles with a selective index (SI) of 100. CRG2 exhibited the highest antiviral activity by inhibiting HSV-1 and ECHO-1 plaque formation, with a SI of 110 and 59, respectively, when it was added before virus infection. CRG2 also significantly reduced the attachment of HSV-1 and ECHO-1 to cells compared to other CRGs. It was shown by molecular docking that tetrasaccharides—CRGs are able to bind with the HSV-1 surface glycoprotein, gD, to prevent virus–cell interactions. The revealed differences in the effect of CRGs on different stages of the lifecycle of the viruses are apparently related to the structural features of the investigated compounds.     

基于牡蛎疱疹病毒DNA聚合酶基因的巢式PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为了建立适用于Os HV-1不同变异株的检测方法,在牡蛎疱疹病毒(Os HV-1)3个变异株全基因组序列比对的基础上,筛选到牡蛎疱疹病毒基因组中高度保守的DNA聚合酶(DNA polymerase)基因,据此设计巢式PCR引物,优化PCR反应体系和条件,建立了基于Os HV-1 DNA聚合酶基因的巢氏PCR检测方法(P-n PCR检测方法),利用P-n PCR与Cn PCR检测方法对不同年份和宿主来源的Os HV-1疑似感染样本进行检测。结果显示,Pn PCR检测方法能稳定地检出100拷贝/μL的病毒DNA;P-n PCR较C-n PCR检测方法具有更强的特异性和更高的检出率。研究表明,本研究建立的P-n PCR检测方法适用于Os HV-1不同变异株的检测,可为该病毒的检测和流行病学调查提供可靠的技术支持。     

Influence of Boar Seminal Plasma on the Distribution of Spermatozoa in the Genital Tract of Gilts

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether boar seminal plasma affects the transport of spermatozoa in the genital tract of oestrous pigs or not, with special reference to the sperm transport into the oviducts. Altogether 17 gilts were used in three experiments.Experiment I. In nine gilts one uterine horn was injected surgically with 10¹⁰ spermatozoa suspended in seminal plasma and the other uterine horn with 10¹⁰ spermatozoa suspended in TESNaK-glucose buffer solution. The sperm deposition was performed under general anaesthesia. The gilts were slaughtered 1–2 or 4–6 h after insemination. The genital tract was removed and the numbers of spermatozoa determined in oviducts and in uterine horns.Experiment II. The insemination doses were prepared exactly as in Experiment I. Approx. 24 h before insemination Polyvinylchloride cannulas were inserted into the uterine lumen of the horns, drawn via the midventral incision at linea alba subcutaneously to cutaneous incisions ventral to the vulva opening. One cannula was placed in each uterine horn. At standing heat the insemination doses were slowly injected through the cannulas. The gilts were slaughtered 1 h after insemination and the numbers of spermatozoa within the genital tract were counted.Experiment III. In three gilts under general anaesthesia the uterine horns were ligated 10 cm from the uterotubal junction. The semen doses (containing 2 × 10⁹ spermatozoa), prepared as in Experiment I, were deposited into the uterine horns anterior to the ligatures through a cannula. The gilts were slaughtered 1 h after insemination, and the numbers of spermatozoa within the oviducts and ligated part of the uterine horns were counted.In all three experiments more spermatozoa were, on average, recovered in the oviducts connected to uterine horns inseminated with spermatozoa suspended in seminal plasma. In Experiments I andII this was the case for 10 of 14 gilts and in Experiment III for all the three gilts. It is therefore suggested that boar seminal plasma pro¬motes sperm transport into the oviduct of oestrous pigs. The back¬ground mechanism for this is discussed.     

更昔洛韦眼用凝胶和阿昔洛韦滴眼液治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎疗效观察

目的探讨更昔洛韦眼用凝胶和阿昔洛韦滴眼液治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎的临床效果.方法单疱病毒性角膜炎患者104例均为单眼发病.根据治疗方案分为两组,采用阿昔洛韦滴眼液治疗患者52例为对照组,采用更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗患者52例为观察组,疗程3周,随访1a,比较两组患者的治疗时间、治疗效果、不良反应及复发情况.结果观察组患者浅层型、深层型、混合型单疱病毒性角膜炎治疗时间均明显少于对照组,观察组患者总有效率明显高于对照组,观察组患者不良反应发生率、复发率均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论更昔洛韦眼用凝胶和阿昔洛韦滴眼液均是治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎的有效药物.更昔洛韦眼用凝胶的治疗效果更好,可明显缩短患者的治疗时间,不良反应少,且复发率低,值得临床推广使用.     

绿虎天牛属雌雄生殖器的比较研究

记述了绿虎天牛属Chlorophorus 8个种的雌雄生殖器，比较研究了该属雌雄生殖器的结构特点，结果表明，雌雄生殖器解剖性状在绿虎天牛属内是稳定的，在种间存在明显的差异，雌雄生殖器解剖特征可以作为该属分种的依据，是可靠的分类性状。     

金鱼疱疹病毒敏感细胞的体外培养

采用组织块法和胰蛋白酶消化法对金鱼细胞进行体外培养和传代，研究了高倍稀释，培养液中的小牛血清浓度以及冷冻保存等因子对显示较高的增殖能力的来源于鳍的细胞GFF的影响进行了试验；并在其进行金鱼疱疹病毒接种、病毒传代培养等试验和电子显微镜观察。结果不论是高倍稀释，还是在低浓度小牛血清培养液H－MEM－5中培养，细胞均具有足够的增殖速率，而且冷冻保存细胞在解冻后的培养仍然具有较好的增殖能力，细胞的存活率在85％以上，使此细胞的冷冻保存成为可能；同时接种细胞出现了CPE且病毒传代培养的细胞内和培养液中均观察到病毒颗粒，表明GFF细胞可以支持病毒的增殖，为研究金鱼病奠定了基础。     

Distribution of Live and Dead Spermatozoa in the Genital Tract of Gilts at Different Times After Insemination

Twenty-four gilts were inseminated pair-wise with live or dead spermatozoa from the same ejaculate. The insemination dose was 100 ml undiluted semen containing, on average, 19×10⁹ spermatozoa. The gilts were slaughtered 1, 2, 6 and 12 h after insemination. The numbers of spermatozoa were counted in the uterus, uterotubal junction and in four equally long segments of the oviduct, called I–IV, with a haemocytometer. IV was adjacent to the uterotubal junction. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the uterus diminished significantly during the first 12 h after insemination. From gilts inseminated with live spermatozoa more spermatozoa were recovered in the uterotubal junction than from gilts inseminated with dead spermatozoa. Two h after insemination spermatozoa were recovered in all oviducts. Significantly more live than dead spermatozoa were recovered in Segments III and IV of the oviduct, regardless of time. In gilts inseminated with live spermatozoa the sperm count in Segment I varied significantly with time, being hiigest 2 h after insemination. At 6 and 12 h there were no distinct differences in the distribution of live spermatozoa between the various oviduct segments. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the oviduct were at these times apparently related to the sperm depots in the uterotubal junction.     

通过测定生殖道黏液导电性确定小尾寒羊配种时机的观察研究

通过使用羊排卵测定仪准确掌握不同繁殖期小尾寒羊的排卵期,旨在有效提高母羊的受孕率。选择1.5~3.5周岁和4~6周岁小尾寒羊空怀期繁殖母羊各30只,利用羊排卵测定仪测定发情期内母羊生殖道黏液电阻值,研究其变化规律,发现1.5~3.5周岁母羊组发情持续时间较短,电阻值下降和上升均较快;而4~6周岁母羊组发情持续时间较长,电阻值下降较快但其上升曲线较为曲折。比较处于不同阴道黏液电阻值范围的母羊人工授精后的受孕率发现,4~6周岁的羊群组比1.5~3.5周岁的羊群组可受孕范围宽,但1.5~3.5周岁的羊群组在可受孕电阻值范围内受孕率明显高于4~6周岁的羊群组。该研究结果提示,不同年龄小尾寒羊母羊阴道黏液电阻值变化幅度不同,发情周期内电阻值下降到最低点后再上升时期为小尾寒羊的排卵期,适宜配种,该时期为母羊配种受孕率高。