百合品种IRAP指纹图谱构建

IRAP（inter—retrotransposon amplified polymorphism）是一种基于反转录转座子的分子标记技术。文章参考烟草中的反转录转座子Tnt1的LTR保守区域设计引物,对52个百合品种进行IRAP扩增,共扩增出165条多态性带,每个品种的扩增位点数介于0～8之间,据构建的指纹图谱可将供试百合品种完全区分开。     

SSR分子标记技术及其在构建玉米DNA指纹库上的应用

SSR分子标记技术是在PCR基础上发展起来的一种DNA多态性检测技术,已广泛应用于植物基因组研究的各个领域。概述了SSR标记的原理、类型、功能及其引物的来源,利用SSR构建玉米DNA指纹库的进展,玉米DNA指纹库在品种鉴定、品种保护及品种监测等方面的应用等,以为玉米品种的研究提供参考。     

Study on Genetic Fingerprinting Technique of Microbial Communities

The 99% of all microorganisms in naturecannot be isolated by standard culture methods without conspicuous external characters to classify them morphologically. In addition, classification based on physiological or biochemical features are often fuzzy. Molecular techniques are used for uncultured microorganisms to explore the diversity of microbial communities and novel resources without the need of cultivation. DNA dynamics and cloning of PCR products obtained from environmental DNA is now routinely used to identify microbial populations in microbial ecology. For practical reasons the approach is not suited to study the complex dynamics of microbial communities in environment. Genetic fingerprinting techniques are better tools, which give complement for the traditional microbiological methods. The methods are rapid and relatively easy to perform, and they allow the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples, which makes it possible to compare the genetic diversity of microbial communities from different habitats, or to study the behaviour of individual communities over time.     

Suitability of mapped sequence tagged microsatellite site markers for establishing distinctness, uniformity and stability in aromatic rice

At present, testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of crop varieties relies on a set of morphological characters. These characters suffer fromthe limitations of number, interaction with the environment in which the variety grows and subjectivity in decision-making. The potential of DNA-based markers such as sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS), for establishing DUS merits investigation. In the present study, a set of 55 mapped STMS markers, selected from 12 linkage groups of rice genome, was used to examine distinctness of 23 aromatic rice genotypes including the commercially important Basmati varieties. Forty-one of these markers (74.5%) showed polymorphism between the varieties. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2–4 with an average of 2.3. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers varied from 0.083 to 0.665 with an average of 0.338. All the varieties could be differentiated from each other at a low probability (0.07×10^-13) of identical match by chance. The marker-based clustering of the varieties corresponded with the known phenotypic classification, thereby providing confidence in the distinctness established by the mapped STMS markers. The utility of these markers to study uniformity and stability was analysed using a commercially important crossbred Basmati rice variety Pusa Basmati 1(IET-10364) that contributes about 40–50% of Basmati rice export from India. Genotyping of twenty individual plants, grown from the nucleus, breeder, foundation, certified and farmer's saved seed samples using all the 55 markers revealed no variation among the plants. These observations suggested that the set of mapped markers employed in this study could be further used for establishing distinctness of aromatic rice varieties and for studying DUS of the important commercial variety Pusa Basmati 1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classification of Azolla spp., section Azolla

Summary Azolla accessions (section Azolla) from the germplasm collections of the International Rice Research Institute and Washington State University were fingerprinted and classified by enzyme electrophoresis and leaf trichome morphology. A. filiculoides was enzymatically distinctive and also reliably identified by its prominent one-celled trichomes. Neotropical accessions labelled as A. filiculoides proved to be members of other species. Two groups of isolates were designated A. rubra, but those from Japan were identified as A. filiculoides. The A. rubra of Australia-New Zealand was biochemically unique and possessed less protuberant trichomes than A. filiculoides. A. microphylla, A. mexicana, and A. caroliniana were phenetically similar, but a. microphylla was identifiable from the others in the banding patterns of certain enzymes. A. mexicana and A. caroliniana were closely related enzymatically. The two-celled leaf trichomes of these three species were similar in size and shape.     

甜菜DAMD-PCR体系的建立及优化

为了建立甜菜DAMD扩增体系,以期利用DAMD引物应用于甜菜品种指纹图谱的构建及分子标记辅助育种。本实验利用单因素变量的方法对甜菜DAMD体系进行优化。同时选用12个甜菜品种,利用优化的体系对25条DAMD引物进行扩增。获得甜菜的最适DAMD体系:总体积为20μL,包含模板DNA 10~80 ng、0.75 U的DNA聚合酶、0.2μL的d NTPs(2.5 mmol/L each)以及2.0μL的引物(10μmol/L)。同时25条引物均扩增出了清晰条带,除了个别引物多态性较差外,其余引物多态性都非常的丰富,其中引物62H(-)就可以把实验中用到的12个甜菜品种全部区分开。由此可见,DAMD引物的扩增效率很高,并且扩增结果稳定,条带清晰,非常适合甜菜品种指纹图谱的构建及遗传多样性分析。     

杂交水稻品种指纹鉴定研究进展

从蛋白质指纹和DNA指纹两个方面,综述了杂交水稻品种指纹鉴定研究的进展和不足。对SSR标记在品种指纹鉴定上的应用前景,单一特异标记的筛选和实验室标准检测技术的建立作了探讨和展望,以利于加快杂交水稻品种指纹鉴定的发展和应用。     

中国奠基群奥利亚罗非鱼遗传多态性的DNA指纹图谱

运用３３．６和３３．１５两种人源小卫星探针对中国奠基群奥利亚罗非鱼群体进行遗传多态性的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱研究。结果表明,在奥利亚罗非鱼群体中两种探针都能产生个体特异性的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱;两种探针平均检测出６２．５条条带,其中多态性条带占５８．５％,个体平均条带数为７．８１３;奥利亚罗非鱼种群内相似系数为０．７４０,遗传变异系数为０．２６０,证明奥利亚罗非鱼群体的遗传纯度极高,遗传多态性很低,但仍存在一定     

4个加工番茄新品种SSR指纹图谱的构建与品种鉴定

[目的]探明加工番茄主要品种的遗传变异,建立准确高效的种子纯度鉴定方法.[方法]利用SSR引物对4个加工番茄杂交品种及其8个亲本进行PCR扩增,经4;的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,进行带型分析.[结果]从34对SSR引物中筛选出10对扩增产物具有稳定多态性的引物,这些引物分布在番茄整个基因组,每对引物可以检测到2～4个数目不等的多态性片段,共28个多态性片段,平均2.8个,片段大小介于60～150 bp,成功构建出4个加工番茄杂交种及其8个亲本的指纹图谱,并鉴定出了这4个杂交种的共显性标记.[结论]这些标记不仅可用于亲本材料和杂交品种的真伪鉴别,还可为杂交种纯度的鉴定提供可靠的方法,对亲本知识权的保护及杂交种推广具有重要意义.