Mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments for lettuce and carrot

Mid-storage hydration-dehydration treatments with medium-vigour lettuce seed very effectively reduced physiological deterioration in storage and ultimately showed better field emergence and final yield. Soaking-drying treatment of high-vigour lettuce seed was not effective. Pre-sowing treatment of medium-vigour lettuce seed, though less effective than mid-storage treatment, gave better field performance, but high-vigour seed did not benefit from the treatment. For carrot, both mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments proved beneficial, with the former showing better performance than the latter. Unlike lettuce, well-preserved carrot seed responded positively to the pre-sowing treatment.     

Study of Resistance to Orobanche ramosa in Host (Oilseed Rape and Carrot) and Non-host (Maize) Plants

Orobanche ramosa is a parasitic Angiosperm responsible for severe yield losses in several economical crops. It is a serious threat in oilseed rape in France and Morocco and is appearing in carrot crops in Morocco. In this study, several varieties of oilseed rape and carrot were screened in order to identify resistant cultivars and to characterize the resistance mechanisms involved. All the 15 oilseed rape varieties tested were susceptible. In carrot, the varieties 'Colmar à coeur rouge' and 'Nantaise demi-longue' were susceptible, whereas 'Palaiseau' and 'Buror' were resistant. In the susceptible 'Colmar à coeur rouge' carrot no defence reactions were found and the development of the parasite inhibited carrot tap root formation. In the resistant carrot varieties, the parasite germinated, became attached to the host root but became necrotic before emergence. In 'Buror' carrot, formation of a mechanical barrier was associated with the restriction to the cortex of the parasite. In maize cv. 'Vigni', a non-host of O. ramosa, thickening of xylem vessels, cell divisions in the central cylinder and formation of an encapsulation layer were observed in association with restricted development of Orobanche haustoria.     

胡萝卜根中主要类胡萝卜素含量相关QTL的精细定位

以白色的野生胡萝卜‘松滋野生’(Ws)和橘色的栽培胡萝卜品种‘Amsterdam’(Af)为亲本构建的回交重组自交系(BIL)为试材,基于低倍重测序技术开发SNP标记,构建了由1 976个Bin标记组成,包含29 435个SNP标记的遗传图谱。图谱总距离834.28 c M,平均图距0.42 c M。通过对胡萝卜肉质根中类胡萝卜素含量相关QTL分析,在连锁群LG04和LG08中检测到调控α–胡萝卜素、β–胡萝卜素、ζ–胡萝卜素、叶黄素、玉米黄质和总类胡萝卜素含量的主效QTL(M-QTL)2、2、3、2、2和2个,表型贡献率为11.47%~19.18%;另检测到调控α–胡萝卜素、β–胡萝卜素、ζ–胡萝卜素、玉米黄质和总类胡萝卜素含量的上位性QTL(E-QTL)1、1、2、1和1个,表型贡献率为2.50%~3.66%。在M-QTL显著区间内共检索到36个有功能注释的预测基因,其中Dck018297为ζ–胡萝卜素脱氢酶2基因,与调控β–胡萝卜素合成和总类胡萝卜素含量有关;Dck008006为乙烯响应因子2.2的同源基因,与调控α–胡萝卜素、ζ–胡萝卜素合成有关;Dck029898为转录因子b HLH135的同源基因,与调控玉米黄质合成有关。     

福建省胡萝卜产业现状与发展对策

福建省是我国胡萝卜主要出口省份之一,但随着各国对胡萝卜贸易出口要求越来越高,品种、加工、质量安全等问题愈益凸显.为促进我省胡萝卜产业继续快速发展,分析了福建省胡萝卜生产优势和产业现状,指出存在的问题,提出发展对策和建议.     

胡萝卜的真空微波干燥特性研究及工艺优化

利用真空微波干燥设备对胡萝卜进行正交回归干燥试验,得出各指标之间的相互影响关系及其干燥曲线,进而得到回归方程,对其进行方程的显著性检验以及参数综合优化,提出了胡萝卜真空微波干燥工艺参数的最佳组合。     

胡萝卜联合收获机单圆盘对顶切割装置设计与试验

针对胡萝卜联合收获过程中对顶切割装置作业后胡萝卜损伤率高、切净率低等问题,设计了一种单圆盘对顶切割装置,并阐述了其主要结构及工作原理。在统计分析胡萝卜基本物理特性的基础上,通过理论计算确定了斜拉式导向齐平对顶机构的两对齐基板间距、拉齐区长度和对齐基板斜边角度等主要结构参数,达到胡萝卜茎叶精准拉齐的目的。以螳螂前肢胫节曲线为原型,将拟合优化后的曲线形状应用至圆盘动割刀和直割刀刃口上,构建切割机构-胡萝卜茎叶力学模型,分析其满足胡萝卜被高效切断的条件。对圆盘割刀进行运动学分析,建立圆盘割刀前进方向的运动学模型,确定影响装置工作性能的因素为胡萝卜输送速度和圆盘割刀转速。以胡萝卜收获机夹持输送皮带轮转速(胡萝卜输送速度)和圆盘割刀转速为试验因素,以胡萝卜根茎损伤率、茎叶切净率、切割平整度为试验指标,进行了二因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验,通过对试验结果进行分析优化,确定最佳参数组合。结果表明,当胡萝卜收获机夹持输送皮带轮转速为113 r/min、圆盘割刀转速为156 r/min时,对顶切割装置性能最优,此时胡萝卜损伤率均值为0.53%、切净率均值为95.41%、平整度均值为94.10%。对优化结果进行田间试验验证,验证结果与优化结果基本一致,作业过程中装置工作平稳。     

Effects of Partial and Complete Replacement of Synthetic Cryoprotectant with Carrot (Daucus carota) Concentrated Protein on Stability of Frozen Surimi

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of carrot concentrated protein (CCP) as additive on the functional and textural properties of surimi from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during six months of frozen storage (?20°C). The CCP (82.22% crude protein) was used as an additive either a lone or with a synthetic cryoprotectant (sucrose-sorbitol-sodium tri-polyphosphate). Control was made with synthetic cryoprotectant only. Molecular weight of CCP was found to be 36 kDa. After six months, the results revealed that up to 50% of synthetic cryoprotectants could be replaced by CCP during frozen storage of surimi. Biochemical parameters such as protein solubility, Ca²⁺ATPase activity, and gel strength decreased significantly (p < .05) during storage. Treatment T-3 (CCP 0.5% + 50% of synthetic cryoprotectant) maintained quality of protein significantly superior (p < .05) in respect to denaturation and other functional and sensory attributes compared to all the treatments. The microstructure images of surimi confirmed that addition of CCP modified the ice crystal growth during frozen storage. This study suggests that CCP can be a potential additive to protect protein from denaturation along with partial replacement of chemical cryoprotectants.     

干燥介质相对湿度对胡萝卜片热风干燥特性的影响

为了探究相对湿度和阶段降湿对热风干燥过程的影响,该文在干燥温度60℃、风速3.0 m/s条件下,研究了相对湿度(20%、30%、40%、50%)及第一阶段相对湿度50%保持不同时间(10、30、60、90 min),第二阶段相对湿度20%下,胡萝卜片的干燥特性和温度变化规律;利用Weibull分布函数对干燥曲线进行拟合并分析干燥过程,结合尺度参数估算水分有效扩散系数;基于复水比、色泽、干燥时间和能耗对不同相对湿度条件下的干燥过程进行评价。研究结果表明:相对湿度保持恒定条件下,干燥速率先上升后下降,且相对湿度越低干燥速率越大。降低相对湿度有利于缩短干燥时间,热风相对湿度20%比50%条件下干燥时间缩短了27.6%;分段降湿干燥条件下,热风相对湿度50%保持30min后降低为20%,其干燥时间比相对湿度恒定为20%条件下缩短了18.5%,干燥过程出现2个升速阶段;Weibull分布函数可以很好地描述胡萝卜恒定湿度和阶段降湿干燥过程。尺度参数α范围在1.864~3.635 h之间,形状参数β值在1.296~1.713之间,水分有效扩散系数在1.17×10-9~2.92×10-9 m2/s之间。对绿红值、复水率、能耗和干燥时间进行综合评价显示,热风相对湿度50%保持30 min干燥条件下绿红值最高为41.4,能耗相比于恒定相对湿度20%条件下减少了6.0%,复水比较高为3.81,综合评分较高为0.91。该文揭示了干燥介质相对湿度对胡萝卜片干燥特性的影响规律,对于优化干燥介质湿度控制策略以提高干燥速率和品质,降低干燥能耗提供了科学依据和技术支持。     

白藜芦醇合成酶(RS)基因转化胡萝卜及高白藜芦醇转基因胡萝卜株系的筛选

白藜芦醇是具有抗病及多种保健功能的芪类次生代谢物,胡萝卜(Daucus carota var.sativa)则是富含β胡萝卜素等多种营养成分的重要蔬菜。研究着眼于创建具有白藜芦醇保健功能的胡萝卜新种质资源,在对葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)白藜芦醇合成酶(resveratrol synthase,RS)基因在胡萝卜中高效表达的密码子优化基础上构建无潮霉素磷酸转移酶(HPT)抗性基因的转化载体pCB-RS-hyg-,应用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法将pCB和pCB-RS-hyg-共转化到胡萝卜并获得再生植株。经过T0、T1和T2代的逐代筛选,获得2个白藜芦醇含量较高(11.34和15.23mg/g)的转基因胡萝卜株系。     

胡萝卜联合收获机高效减阻松土铲设计与试验

针对胡萝卜联合收获机作业时松土铲普遍存在作业阻力大、漏拔率高等问题,设计了一种高效减阻松土铲。以狗獾爪趾为仿生原型设计了仿生减阻铲尖,并分析了其减阻机理,建立了铲翼与土壤间的力学接触模型,确定了影响松土铲作业质量的铲翼结构参数。基于EDEM离散元仿真技术,建立了部件-土壤-作物多元仿真模型,通过单因素试验与正交旋转组合试验,确定了铲翼结构参数取值范围及其对指标的影响规律。建立了试验因素与指标间的多目标优化数学模型,运用Design-Expert 8. 0. 6软件确定了松土铲的最优参数组合,通过田间性能试验验证了高效减阻松土铲的作业性能。结果表明:影响胡萝卜联合收获机松土铲作业质量的主要结构参数为铲翼开角α和铲翼倾角β,当铲翼开角α和铲翼倾角β分别为120. 27°和47. 37°时,松土铲作业性能最优,最优组合下前进阻力与胡萝卜拔取力分别为1 908. 76 N和55. 37 N。经田间性能试验验证,田间试验结果与仿真优化结果基本一致,与凿式松土铲相比,高效减阻松土铲前进阻力降低了5. 79%,胡萝卜拔取力降低了20. 68%,漏拔率降低了3. 8个百分点,满足胡萝卜收获农艺要求。