攀援植物凌霄花及其利用

本文介绍了凌霄花的植物学特征,并对凌霄花的分布、栽培、管理和利用方面进行了探讨,以便开发植物资源、造福于人类。     

Effect of EGFP gene transfection on the cell cycle distribution of primary cultured human chondrocytes

AIM: To investigate the effect of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene transfection on the cell cycle distribution of primary cultured human chondrocytes in order to establish a tracking method of cultured human nasoseptal chondrocytes. METHODS: pEGFP-N1 plasmid was amplified in E.coli, and purified by high purity kit. Primary cultured human chondrocytes,which were initially obtained from the nasoseptal cartilage, were cultured in vitro and transferred with pEGFP-N1 by means of electroporation with Amaxa nucleofector device. Transfering process and transient expression were evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), the transfer efficiency and the cell cycle distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: There was significant expression of EGFP at 24 h after transferring. The transfection efficiency of pEGFP-N1 into primary cultured human chondrocytes reached 35.37％ at 48 h. It didn't affect the process of cell adherance and had no effect on the cell cycle distribution. CONCLUSION: Primary cultured human chondrocytes, which were transfected with pEGFP, are alive in vitro, and the transferring process doesn't affect the cell cycle distribution. These results suggest that pEGFP-N1 is an ideal transient expression vector for primary cultured human chondrocytes and it might be a well tracer in construction tissue engineered cartilage.     

简析我国农用三轮车产业现状

对我国农用三轮车产业发展阶段及产业特征进行分析,用数据说明了该产业的市场分布状况;同时对农用三轮车消费人群的消费心理、消费习惯进行深入分析,最后指出国家政策法规对农用三轮车产业发展的制约和影响。     

A Framework for Valuing Ecological Services of Irrigation Water – A Case of an Irrigation-Wetland System in Sri Lanka

In many countries, irrigation water is usedfor several purposes other than irrigatingfield crops. In Sri Lanka, irrigationwater from canals, wells, and reservoirs isused for domestic purposes, industry,livestock, and fisheries, and it alsocontributes to sustain the environment. However, policy makers and water managersin irrigation systems only take intoaccount water used for irrigating the fieldcrops and sometimes water used for domesticpurposes. Owing to the failure torecognize the different uses and users ofwater, the water in irrigation systems hasbeen undervalued. This paper presents theenvironmental impact of irrigation and aframework for valuing water for itsmultiple and often competing uses,especially focusing on water uses forecological services, in this case wetlands.The south coastal area of Sri Lanka wasselected as a site for a case study, including2,610 ha of irrigated area and adownstream wetland area of 2,250 ha whichhas five lagoons. This wetland areacombines coastal, marine and freshwaterecosystems in a tropical environment inwhich distinct plant and animal speciescoexist in a delicate balance. All users ofwater and other resources, and theirenvironmental problems were identified. Thispaper discusses the policy and managementimplications of valuing water for competinguses.     

平地漫灌灌溉水净化与循环利用研究

为提高设施农业的水分利用率，设计了平地漫灌灌溉水净化与循环利用系统；阐述了系统的组成、节水灌溉原理与工作过程。理论分析可知，系统具有较高的输水利用率、灌水利用率和降水利用率，是农业节水灌溉的有效新途径。     

基于RV指数的道路对黄河三角洲地区土地利用的影响——以东营市为例

道路的大规模建设对生态系统的影响巨大,影响着居民点的分布格局和周围土地利用的变化,对生态过程产生直接或间接的影响。本研究以东营市为研究区,通过对表示道路网络干扰强度的RV（Roadless Volume）指数进行分析计算,对比分析了不同道路影响等级分区内各土地利用类型面积的变化情况。结果表明：不同道路影响等级下滩涂和湿地的面积随等级的增加而减少,其中从1级到2级下降的幅度最大;草地、水域和盐碱地的面积随影响等级的升高,总体呈下降趋势,且降幅十分明显;耕地的面积从总体来看也呈减少趋势,但幅度相比以上生态用地而言并不十分强烈;建设用地的面积随道路影响等级的增加有上升趋势。通过以上分析说明,道路网络的不断扩展对区域土地利用的影响显著,其中对生态用地的干扰尤为明显。     

真菌作为生物医学材料的应用——以灵芝子实体SACCHACHITIN为例的研发过程

到目前为止,SACCHACHITIN为唯一将真菌应用为生物医学材料的案例。灵芝残渣是一种坚韧的纤维。过去,学者对真菌细胞壁的研究也发现真菌细胞壁主要的组成是多糖（Polysaccharide）和几丁质（Chitin）,以及一些类似黑色素（Melanin）的成分。几丁质最早发现在甲壳类之外骨骼,蟹壳几丁质在1992时已发展成为商品化的伤口敷料,对伤口愈合具有优良促进功能。灵芝残渣同样含有几丁质,其以热碱（IN NaOH 90oC）去除残余脂蛋白、核酸、脂肪再以过氧化氢漂白去除黑色素,再做成模膜,是一种滤纸状多孔性白色薄膜。此一薄膜几丁质的含量约在40%~50%,其余为以葡萄糖为主的多糖（50%~60%）的复合体,称之为SACCHACHITIN。经过一连串的细胞试验、动物试验、人体试验证实具有生物兼容性、生物降解性、并无过敏性及抗体反应;同时对急性及慢性皮肤创伤均具有极优良的愈合促进作用。其作用机理在于吸附伤口中由人体免疫细胞所产生过量的金属型基质蛋白水解脢（MMP）,以及细菌所产生的蛋白水解脢,避免细菌感染,结束发炎反应,提早进入肉芽组织生长期。此作用也会保护生长因子（Growth factors,TGF,PDGF和VEGF）不受破坏而加速愈合。SACCHACHITIN的专利已进行技术转移;目前产品以镭射（激光）除斑手术的术后修复面膜,以及化妆品为商品诉求。     

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Nano-Chitins and Nano-Chitosans Obtained via Advanced Eco-Friendly Technologies from Marine Resources

The present review article is intended to direct attention to the technological advances made in the 2010–2014 quinquennium for the isolation and manufacture of nanofibrillar chitin and chitosan. Otherwise called nanocrystals or whiskers, n-chitin and n-chitosan are obtained either by mechanical chitin disassembly and fibrillation optionally assisted by sonication, or by e-spinning of solutions of polysaccharides often accompanied by poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(caprolactone). The biomedical areas where n-chitin may find applications include hemostasis and wound healing, regeneration of tissues such as joints and bones, cell culture, antimicrobial agents, and dermal protection. The biomedical applications of n-chitosan include epithelial tissue regeneration, bone and dental tissue regeneration, as well as protection against bacteria, fungi and viruses. It has been found that the nano size enhances the performances of chitins and chitosans in all cases considered, with no exceptions. Biotechnological approaches will boost the applications of the said safe, eco-friendly and benign nanomaterials not only in these fields, but also for biosensors and in targeted drug delivery areas.     

大麻的生物学特性及用途

介绍了大麻的生物学特性、栽培方法、主要化学有效成分、用途、种植历史及发展现状等,并提出大麻产业的发展建议,以供参考。