Effect of Antitranspirants on Leaf Temperature Transpiration Rate and Diffusive Resistance in Brinjal Plants

Brinjal plants ( Solanum melongena L.) grown under moisture stress conditions in glasshouse were treated with three chemicals namely, cycocel, limewash, and potassium chloride to study their effect on leaf temperature, transpiration rate and diffusive resistance. Moisture stress imposed at three stages increased leaf temperature and diffusive resistance but decreased transpiration rate. Application of antitranspirants decreased leaf temperature and transpiration but increased diffusive resistance.     

喷施蒸腾抑制剂对毛叶枣叶片光合参数的影响

研究不同蒸腾抑制剂对毛叶枣成熟叶片光合参数的影响.结果表明:喷施蒸腾抑制剂对毛叶枣叶片气孔导度的影响要显著大于对叶片蒸腾速率的影响.对叶片蒸腾速率降低的影响主要在毛叶枣叶片一天中蒸腾作用的高峰时间段,对叶片净光合速率基本没有影响;土壤墒情对毛叶枣叶片光合参数的影响要大于蒸腾抑制剂的影响.     

Use of humidity tents and antitranspirants in the acclimatization of tissue-cultured plants to the greenhouse

Film-type antitranspirants and a humidity tent were tested on tissue-cultured chrysanthemum and carnation plants in order to determine the most effective way to increase the vigor and survival of the plants at the time of transfer to a greenhouse. Phytotoxicity necessitated applying most antitranspirants at concentrations lower than that recommended by the manufacturers. Plants grown in the humidity tent were significantly larger and more vigorous than plants in any other treatment. Although a silicone formulation had the greatest effect in reducing transpiration and water stress in transferred plants, it had the adverse effect of stunting plant growth. All other treatments with antitranspirants were ineffective in improving vigor and survival of plants compared to controls.     

Effect of Film-forming Polymers on Control of Lily Leaf Blight Caused by Botrytis elliptica

The effectiveness of film-forming polyelectrolytes for the control of lily leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica was evaluated using laboratory a leaf disk assay, greenhouse tests and field trials. Among the six polyelectrolytes, 400ppm FO4240SH, FO4490SH and FO4550SH reduced the disease severity of lily leaf blight in leaf-disk tests. Both FO4240SH and FO4490SH also suppressed sporulation of the pathogen on leaf disks. In greenhouse tests, the number and size of lesions on leaves of Lilium oriental hybrid cv. Star Gazer were markedly reduced by FO4490SH and FO4550SH. Field trials showed that the effectiveness of FO4490SH was similar or better than that of procymidone on the reduction of lily leaf blight disease severity. The polymers had no harmful effects on the lily plants. The cationic polyelectrolytes FO4240SH, FO4490SH and FO4550SH reduced the percentage of conidial germination, inhibited germ-tube growth, and also suppressed the esterase production by germ tubes of B. elliptica. All the above evidence indicates that the disease control achieved with polyelectrolytes is due, at least in part, to the reduction of esterase secretion by B. elliptica.     

几种抗蒸腾剂的作用特点及其对冬小麦抗旱能力影响的研究

在大田和盆栽条件下,研究了NaHSO_3,CaCl_2,三唑酮(Tria)和黄腐酸钠(FA)4种抗蒸腾剂对冬小麦抗旱能力的影响。结果表明,4种药剂都有抑制蒸腾、增加气孔阻力、提高叶水势的作用。Tria有明显促进植株根/苗比的效应。药剂处理还提高了水分胁迫下植株的净光合速率、干物质积累及籽实产量,在生产上有一定应用价值。试验确定,各种药剂的适宜施用浓度,NaHSO_3和CaCl_2为1.0×10~(-2)mol/L,Tria和FA为300μg/g,有效期NaHSO_3和CaCl_2在8d左右,Tria和FA在9d以上。     

2种抗蒸腾剂对秋季大棚黄瓜长势、产量和品质的影响

为筛选设施黄瓜适用的抗蒸腾剂,提高抗旱能力,以‘北农佳秀’和‘津优35号’为材料,采用田间试验方法,选择腐植酸型国光抗蒸腾剂和成膜型神润抗蒸腾剂,分别设置国光抗蒸腾剂稀释1000倍(T1)、国光抗蒸腾剂稀释500倍(T2)、神润抗蒸腾剂稀释20倍(T3)、神润抗蒸腾剂稀释40倍(T4)4个处理,以喷施清水作为空白对照(CK),在坐瓜后进行叶面喷施,研究不同抗蒸腾剂对黄瓜长势、生物量和产量品质的影响。结果表明,‘津优35号’叶片喷施抗蒸腾剂后,9月11日T1、T2和T3处理的叶片SPAD值比CK分别提高了4.8%、7.4%和9.4%,T1、T2、T3、T4地下部含水率分别比CK提高6.4、17.2、7.1和3.7个百分点;T2处理黄瓜Vc含量比CK提高了25.76%,可溶性蛋白提高了11.54%。‘北农佳秀’叶片喷施抗蒸腾剂后,T4整个生育期叶片SPAD值平均比CK提高1.1%,地上部鲜重提高84.6%,单株产量提高27.2%,可溶性蛋白含量提高50%。研究表明,‘津优35号’黄瓜选择国光抗蒸腾剂稀释500倍‘、北农佳秀’黄瓜选择神润抗蒸腾剂稀释40倍叶面喷施效果较好。