基于BH1750的热带花卉光照强度实时监测系统设计

本文针对热带植物红掌的生长特点,提出并开发以低功耗单片机MSP430为核心,利用GY-30光照传感器模块来监测环境光照,并利用LCD1602进行实时显示。该系统能长期监测、显示红掌生长环境的光照强度信息。     

New Antiproliferative Compounds against Glioma Cells from the Marine-Sourced Fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ1750

Seven novel compounds, namely peniresorcinosides A–E (1–5), penidifarnesylin A (6), and penipyridinone A (7), together with the 11 known ones 8–17, were isolated from a culture of the marine-associated fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ1750 in rice medium. The structures of the new compounds were established based on their high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, chemical degradation, Mosher’s method, ¹³C-NMR calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Peniresorcinosides A (1) and B (2) are rare glycosylated alkylresorcinols and exhibited potent antiglioma activity, with IC₅₀ values of 4.0 and 5.6 µM for U87MG cells and 14.1 and 9.8 µM for U251 cells, respectively.     

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)真、伪雄鱼群体表型和遗传性状分析

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)养殖群体中存在真雄鱼(ZZ)和伪雄鱼(ZW)现象,进行表型和遗传特征研究对其育种及优良苗种培育具有重要的意义。本研究以半滑舌鳎真、伪雄鱼群体及母系半同胞家系为研究对象,首先测定了性成熟半滑舌鳎的真、伪雄鱼群体的表型性状,对其性状进行了比较分析。结果显示,性成熟半滑舌鳎真、伪雄鱼的体重、全长、体长、体宽、头长、眼间距和眼径7个表型性状都存在极显著差异(P<0.01),伪雄鱼的生长速度比真雄鱼快。利用半滑舌鳎22对多态性微卫星标记,对2组半滑舌鳎真、伪雄鱼半同胞家系群体进行了遗传多样性分析。筛选出的22对引物扩增产物均具有多态性,4个半同胞家系群体中共检测到232个等位基因,群体平均等位基因数(Na)均大于平均有效等位基因数(Ne);平均观测杂合度(Ho)均小于平均期望杂合度(He);平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.4566、0.4254、0.5069、0.4795。22个多态性位点在4个半同胞家系群体中分别有3、3、4和5个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。4个半同胞家系群体间的Nei¢s遗传距离为0.2101–0.5840,遗传相似性系数为0.5577–0.8105。本研究表明,半滑舌鳎真、伪雄鱼在生长性状上存在明显差异,同母系的真、伪雄鱼半同胞家系群体间的遗传相似系数较高,遗传距离较小,遗传多样性指标相近。     

New Metabolites and Bioactive Actinomycins from Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. ZZ338

An extract prepared from the culture of a marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. ZZ338 was found to have significant antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. A chemical investigation of this active extract resulted in the isolation of three known bioactive actinomycins (1–3) and two new metabolites (4 and 5). The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as actinomycins D (1), V (2), X_0β (3), 2-acetylamino-3-hydroxyl-4-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (4), and N-1S-(4-methylaminophenylmethyl)-2-oxo-propyl acetamide (5) based on their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data as well as their optical rotation. This class of new compound 5 had never before been found from a natural resource. Three known actinomycins showed activities in inhibiting the proliferation of glioma cells and the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans and are responsible for the activity of the crude extract. Actinomycin D (1) was also found to downregulate several glioma metabolic enzymes of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and lipogenesis, suggesting that targeting multiple tumor metabolic regulators might be a new anti-glioma mechanism of actinomycin D. This is the first report of such a possible mechanism for the class of actinomycins.     

寄主密度对烟蚜茧蜂生殖特性的影响

以麦长管蚜为寄主，研究了不同寄主密度下烟蚜茧蜂的产卵量、寄生蚜量，并组建了不同寄主密度下的烟蚜茧蜂的生殖力表。结果表明：在寄主密度低于４０头蚜／天／雌蜂，烟蚜茧蜂的产卵量随寄主密度的增加而增加，蚜虫的供应限制了该蜂的产卵量；寄主密度高于４０头蚜／天／雌蜂时，烟蚜茧蜂的产卵量为４９３．３～５８７．５粒。烟蚜茧蜂的寄生蚜量亦随寄主密度的增加而增加，在寄主密度１００头蚜／天／雌蜂，可达到３５２．５头。该蜂的内禀增长率则随寄主密度和寄生蜂的性比的变化而变化，在寄主密度１００头蚜／天／雌蜂，寄生蜂性比０．６（♀／）下，可达到０．３３１     

奥利亚罗非鱼性别人工控制实验

奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea)的性别机制为WZ♀-ZZ♂类型,为探讨WZ♀-ZZ♂型鱼类性别人工控制的途径,进行了性激素诱导实验。实验表明:采用剂量为100 mg/kg的雄性激素处理性腺未分化的鱼苗(全长8～10 mm),可使WZ型合子鱼苗转化为生理雄鱼(WZ△♂);采用雌性激素处理,能使ZZ型合子转化为生理雌鱼(ZZ△♀);采用二系配套法(ZZ△♀×ZZ♂),可使原系ZZ型雄鱼100%恢复。