Estimation of daily and total lactation milk yield of Chios ewes from single morning or evening records

Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records.     

24月龄生长母水牛绝食代谢的研究

用传统开路式牛用呼吸面具对24月龄母水牛绝食产热(Fasting heat production,FHP)进行研究。结果表明:①24月龄母水牛FHP为306.013kJ/kgW0.75·d;每天排出内源尿氮(EUN)为39.66g;单位代谢体重每天排出EUN为0.48g;蛋白分解产热占总产热量为17.13%;EUN与FHP比值为1.60mg/kJ。②24月龄母水牛维持净能需要:NEm=397.817kJ/W0.75·d。     

Altered vitamin D metabolic system in follicular cysts of sows

This study aimed to examine 25OHD₃ concentration in the fluid of follicular and follicular lutein cysts of sows in comparison with preovulatory follicles as well as immunolocalize vitamin D metabolic enzymes (CYP27B1 and CYP24A1) and determine their protein abundances in the cyst wall. We have shown for the first time that 25OHD₃ level in the fluid of both cyst types was significantly lower than in preovulatory follicles. Furthermore, we have demonstrated CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 protein immunolocalization and abundance in follicular and follicular lutein cysts. The abundance of protein for both metabolic enzymes was decreased in ovarian cysts when compared to preovulatory follicles. We propose that altered VD metabolism in ovarian cyst might associate with their formation in sows.     

24-表油菜素内酯对杏果实贮藏品质的影响

以新疆赛买提杏为试验原料,选用0.9 mg/L的24-表油菜素内酯(24-epibrassionolide,EBR)对杏果实进行10 min的浸泡处理,将处理后的果实取出晾干后贮藏在温度为4℃、相对湿度(RH)90%~95%的冷库中,以蒸馏水处理为对照,定期测定相关指标,研究24-表油菜素内酯处理对杏果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,24-表油菜素内酯处理可以延缓杏果实贮藏期间可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、叶绿素和抗坏血酸含量的下降,有效降低杏果实的自然发病率,并能有效延缓呼吸速率和失重率的上升。     

硝普钠、24-表油菜素内酯\水杨酸浸种对盐胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用营养液水培,以玉米品种天泰16(TT16)、豫玉18(YY18)为材料,探讨外源硝普钠(NO的外源供体SNP)+2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)/水杨酸(SA)浸种对盐胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,2种外源物组合浸种后,促进了盐胁迫(150mmol/L NaCl溶液)下玉米种子的萌发,以500mg/L 24-表油菜素内酯+硝普钠复合浸种和200mg/L水杨酸+硝普钠复合浸种效果最佳,其发芽率TT16分别比对照增加15%和13%,YY18增加16%和13%;发芽势TT16分别比对照增加24%和22%,YY18增加43%和44%,主根长、芽长及生物量也较对照增加。经外源物质浸种后,盐胁迫下的玉米幼苗长势较好,SOD、POD酶活性相比对照增加显著,MDA含量较少,可溶性糖在200mg/L水杨酸+硝普钠浸种的幼苗中积累最多,分别为对照的4.35倍(TT16)和4.03倍(YY18)。与对照相比,500mg/L EBR+100mmol/L SNP复合浸种和200mg/L SA+100mmol/L SNP复合浸种,玉米种子及幼苗耐盐性增强。     

24-表油菜素内酯对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系抗氧化系统的影响

【目的】探讨外源EBR（24-表油菜素内酯）对低氧胁迫下黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）根系的生长和抗氧化系统的影响。【方法】采用营养液水培法,以抗低氧能力较强的黄瓜品种绿霸春4号和抗低氧能力较弱的品种中农8号为材料,研究根际低氧胁迫下外源施用EBR对黄瓜根系生长、ROS及抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】在低氧胁迫下,EBR处理显著促进了低氧胁迫下两品种黄瓜幼苗根系生长,提高了SOD、APX、GR活性及AsA、GSH含量,降低了O 、H2O2及MDA含量。【结论】外源EBR处理通过促进低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系中抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的提高,降低ROS含量,增强植株抗低氧胁迫的能力。     

农用抗生素产生菌No.24菌株诱变选育研究

以No．24菌株为出发菌株，采用紫外线、化学试剂、微波及超声波诱变法对其进行诱变。其中经微波诱变50s后，筛选得到一株高产菌株，命名为Ms-24菌株。在培养基中连续培养10代，其遗传性状非常稳定。Ms-24菌株发酵试验证明，其发酵产量比出发菌株提高23．25％；抗菌活性试验证明，其发酵液的抗菌活性比出发菌株提高了31．75％。     

不同浸渍时间对辐照后杨木气干密度、24h吸水率的影响

采用浸渍甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）再经γ射线辐照的方法,研究了不同浸渍时间（8h、24h、48h）对处理材的气干密度和24h吸水率的影响。结果表明：1）处理材的气干密度与浸渍时间呈显著正相关。2）处理材的24h吸水率与浸渍时间呈显著负相关。     

重庆市山羊博尔纳病病毒P24基因的检测

为了解重庆市山羊博尔纳病隐性带毒情况，分析博尔纳病病毒（BDV）的种系来源。采用巢式逆转录酶PCR结合荧光定量PCR（FQ—nRT—PCR）技术对重庆市60只山羊外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）及脑组织中的BDVP24基因片段进行了检测，将阳性产物测序，并与国外BDV毒株进行了比较。结果，山羊外周血检测阳性率为8．3％（5／60），脑组织检测阳性率为10％（6／60）。该BDVP24片段核苷酸序列与马源BDVH1766株同源性最高，达96．519／6，与标准株Strain V和He／80同源性为95．35％，并且编码的氨基酸序列也相同。表明，重庆市山羊中存在动物源性博尔纳病隐性带毒，该BDVP24核苷酸序列与Strain V和He／80株具有高度同源性。