裙带菜凝集素对鲫的免疫诱导

将从裙带菜Undaria pinnatifida中提取的凝集素作为免疫诱导制剂,注射到鲫Carassius auratusw体内,在连续注射7 d和9 d时,分别对鲫血清中的溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的酶活性进行测定,结果表明,注射凝集素7 d和9 d时,鲫血清中溶菌酶的酶活性比对照组分别提高18.83%、12.69%,SOD的酶活性比对照组分别提高66.67%、139.99%,CAT酶活性比对照组分别提高16.60%、63.63%。说明凝集素可以明显提高鲫血清中这3种酶的表达水平。     

Nutrient requirement for zoospore formation in two alariaceous plants Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar and Alaria crassifolia Kjellman (Phaeophyceae: Laminariales)

ABSTRACT:   Sporophyll formation in two alariaceous plants, Undaria pinnatifida and Alaria crassifolia , was studied in relation to the nutrient requirements. The sporophylls of U. pinnatifida formed zoosporangia when they had N and P contents greater than 1.4 kgN/m³ and 0.74 kgP/m³. This indicates that these values are the critical nutrient levels for zoospore formation in U. pinnatifida . In the sporophytes of A. crassifolia , many sporophylls with zoosporangia showed nutrient contents higher than 6.25 kgN/m³ and 1.70 kgP/m³. These results suggest that the U. pinnatifida can form zoospores at lower levels of N and P contents than A. crassifolia . Both species often formed zoosporangial sori on the blades in the late period of each reproductive season. The fertile parts of the blade showed N and P contents higher than the critical levels. This phenomenon indicates that the blades have the capability to form zoosporangial sori if there is a sufficient accumulation of nutrients for zoospore formation. The zoospore formation on the blade seems to be accomplished by an overflow of excess nutrients from sporophylls into the blade, or by accumulating sufficient nutrients to form sori even if the sporophylls are not formed.     

投喂和灌喂裙带菜凝集素对鲫免疫活性物的诱导作用

以裙带菜凝集素(Undaria pinnatifida Lectin)作为免疫增强剂,来研究其对鲫免疫活性的诱导作用。用裙带菜凝集素对鲫(Camssius auratus)进行投喂和灌喂,9d后测定鲫血清的血凝活性、溶菌酶(LSZ)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性与对照组相比都有提高。其中投喂裙带菜凝集素组比投喂对照组依次提高2.0倍,3.1倍,1.2倍,1.7倍;灌喂裙带菜凝集素组比灌喂对照组依次提高4.0倍,3.2倍,1.9倍,1.6倍。这说明凝集素对免疫系统的功能,提高血凝活力、溶菌酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力都有重要作用。由此可以看出来:凝集素可以作为一种免疫增强剂激活鲫的免疫系统,对鲫的非特异性免疫功能具有明显的增强作用。     

In Vitro and In Vivo Dendritic Cell Immune Stimulation Effect of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida

Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) has been reported to have immunomodulation effects through the increase of the activation and function of macrophages. In this study, the regulating effect of LMWF from Undaria pinnatifida grown in New Zealand on dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated. We discovered that LMWF could stimulate DCs’ maturation and migration, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells’ proliferation in vitro. We proved that this immune promoting activity is activated through TLR4 and its downstream MAPK and NF–κB signaling pathways. Further in vivo (mouse model) investigation showed that LMWF has a strong immunological boosting effect, such as facilitating the proliferation of immune cells and increasing the index of immune organs. These findings suggest that LMWF has a positive immunomodulatory effect and is a promising candidate to supplement cancer immunotherapy.     

山楂圆柏锈病的研究

山楂圆柏锈病病原为亚洲胶锈菌，冬孢子在圆柏属，锈孢子和性孢子在山楂属和梨属树木上。从担孢子产生到性孢子12-20d，到锈饱子35-40d，到冬孢子近2a。孢子萌发最适温度为：冬孢子17-20℃，担孢子15-23℃，锈孢子10-25℃，各种孢子均在相对温度50%以上和蔽荫或黑暗条件下萌发，直射光，全光抑制萌发，冬孢子胶化充分，6h即可出现担孢子，担孢子在适温适湿时，1h即可萌发，担孢子寿命暂短，活孢子传播距离近，百菌清等药剂喷杀锈孢子和松焦油柴油混液涂圆柏病部效果最好。     

山楂黄酮的薄层色谱分离鉴定研究

研究了山楂（山里红Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.var major N.E.Br)黄酮类化合物新的薄层色谱分离鉴定方法。以十二烷基硫酸钠-正丁醇-正庚烷-水微乳液为展开剂，利用聚酰胺薄层色谱法能使山楂黄酮完全分离。从山楂叶中分离得到7个黄酮斑点，山楂果中得到7个黄酮斑点，但二者的斑点不完全相同。与用正丁醇：乙酸：水4：1：5为展开剂的聚酰胺薄层色谱法比较发现，微乳薄层色谱法检测灵敏度高、分离效果理想。     

多效唑对山楂生长和结果的影响

用不同剂量多效唑对‘敞口’山植进行土施或叶面喷施,结果表明其可明显抑制新梢生长,节间缩短,节数减少,叶面积减小,而比叶重和叶绿素含量增加。明显促进花芽分化而降低座果率。喷施50 ppm 赤霉素一次,可提高座果率但不消除多效唑对营养生长的抑制作用。处理可使果实变小,果形变扁,对果中糖、酸、果胶和 VC 含量无明显影响。讨论了适宜用量和方法。     

山楂过氧化物同工酶的研究报告

以山楂属100个品种为试材，利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析其过氧化物同工酶酶谱特征与分类上的关系。研究结果表明：山楂过氧化物同工酶酶谱特征与其自然分类有着密切的联系，可以作为山楂属植物分类的重要依据之一。     

山楂栽植密度与早期产量的关系

通过４种山楂初植密度与产量关系的试验，找出生产上既能获得早期丰产又能保持较长的结果周期的适宜的种植密度。结果表明，大面积推广应用以８３３株／ｈｍ２（３ｍ×４ｍ）的林分密度比较合理。为充分利用地力和获得单位面积最大收益，初植密度１６６６株／ｈｍ２（２ｍ×３ｍ），配以疏伐，最后达到８３３株／ｈｍ２（４ｍ×３ｍ）。