环丙醇类制剂对雄性布氏田鼠的不育作用

紫外(UV)辐射作用于"病菌一植物"病害系统影响植物病害的发生发展,主要包括两个方面一是UV辐射对植物病原菌孢子的萌发、芽管伸长、菌丝生长等光生物学效应,不同种属的菌种对UV辐射存在不同的响应机制;二是寄主植物从形态、生理生化等方面对UV作出响应,导致植物的抗病性发生变化.研究证实,中、短波UV辐射可抑制病菌孢子萌发,减少病害的发病率;长波UV辐射对病菌孢子的萌发有诱导作用,可提高病害发病率.根据UV辐射水平、病菌侵染程度及植物抗性品种等因素的影响,UV辐射对不同植物病害系统也存在不同的作用机制.该文作者就近年来国内外有关辐射对植物病害影响的研究进展进行综述.     

Complementary UV-Absorption of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids and Scytonemin is Responsible for the UV-Insensitivity of Photosynthesis in Nostoc flagelliforme

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin are UV-screening compounds that have presumably appeared early in the history of life and are widespread in cyanobacteria. Natural colonies of the UV-insensitive Nostoc flagelliforme were found to be especially rich in MAAs (32.1 mg g DW⁻¹), concentrated in the glycan sheath together with scytonemin. MAAs are present in the form of oligosaccharide-linked molecules. Photosystem II activity, measured using PAM fluorescence and oxygen evolution, was used as a most sensitive physiological parameter to analyse the effectiveness of UV-protection. Laboratory experiments were performed under controlled conditions with a simulated solar radiation specifically deprived of UV-wavebands with cut-off filters (295, 305, 320, 345 and 395 nm). The UV-insensitivity of N. flagelliforme was found to cover the whole UV-A (315–400 nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm) range and is almost certainly due to the complementary UV-absorption of MAAs and scytonemin. The experimental approach used is proposed to be suitable for the comparison of the UV-protection ability in organisms that differ in their complement of UV-sunscreen compounds. Furthermore, this study performed with a genuinely terrestrial organism points to the relevance of marine photoprotective compounds for life on Earth, especially for the colonization of terrestrial environments.     

不同剂量率的紫外线对红细胞及其膜的影响

用剂量率分别为2.22、3.33、4.44、8.88mW/cm2的紫外线照射新鲜猪血制备的红细胞和红细胞膜,通过检测红细胞的溶血度及红细胞、红细胞膜的过氧化程度来研究射线所致膜的辐射损伤。结果表明,同一剂量下,经较低剂量率照射的红细胞溶血度较大,且受放置时间的影响很小,被辐射红细胞和红细胞膜的过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的量也显示反剂量率效应。     

紫外辐射对植物病害影响的研究进展

紫外(UV)辐射作用于"病菌一植物"病害系统影响植物病害的发生发展,主要包括两个方面一是UV辐射对植物病原菌孢子的萌发、芽管伸长、菌丝生长等光生物学效应,不同种属的菌种对UV辐射存在不同的响应机制;二是寄主植物从形态、生理生化等方面对UV作出响应,导致植物的抗病性发生变化.研究证实,中、短波UV辐射可抑制病菌孢子萌发,减少病害的发病率;长波UV辐射对病菌孢子的萌发有诱导作用,可提高病害发病率.根据UV辐射水平、病菌侵染程度及植物抗性品种等因素的影响,UV辐射对不同植物病害系统也存在不同的作用机制.该文作者就近年来国内外有关辐射对植物病害影响的研究进展进行综述.     

不同紫外辐射时间对2种色型豌豆蚜后代生物学特性的影响

通过研究不同紫外(UV-B)辐射时间对2种色型豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon piusm)后代生物学特性的影响,以期明确其对紫外胁迫的适生性。将2种不同体色的豌豆蚜成蚜经过40 W紫外辐射1,2,4,6,8,10 h后,单头饲养在甘农3号(G3)和甘农5号(G5)紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)上,最终获得各处理F₂代豌豆蚜的发育历期、体重差及相对日均体重增长率等生物学参数。结果表明:短时间辐射下(1,2 h),在G3上红色型豌豆蚜F₂代的生长发育显著加快,但相对日均体质量增长率无显著变化,绿色型则均无显著变化,在G5上2种体色型豌豆蚜F₂代均无显著变化;长时间辐射处理下(10 h),2种色型豌豆蚜的生长发育均显著延缓,在同一苜蓿品种上,绿色型豌豆蚜延缓比例均大于红色型;紫外辐射对2种色型豌豆蚜F₂代的生长发育延缓比例在G5上均大于G3上。紫外辐射对2种色型豌豆蚜生长发育的影响是可遗传的,在G3上,短时间紫外辐射能够促进红色型豌豆蚜的生长发育;在G3和G5上,长时间紫外辐射均能抑制2种体色型豌豆蚜的生长发育,且绿色型比红色型敏感,表明紫外胁迫对豌豆蚜的影响与苜蓿品种存在一定的相关性。