施肥对红三叶群落营养元素含量和积累量的影响

本文研究了施肥对红三叶群落地上部和地下部 1 0种营养元素的影响 ,结果如下 :( 1 )从含量看 ,施氮肥后 ,地上部B明显降低 ,地下部B明显升高 ;施磷肥后 ,地上部N、B显著下降 ,地下部K、P、N上升幅度较大。 ( 2 )就积累量而言 ,施氮肥后 ,地上部大多数元素增高 ,地下部多数元素降低或无变化 ;施磷肥后 ,无论地上部还是地下部 ,大多数元素均有所增高     

红三叶遗传图谱构建及抗白粉病基因QTL定位

本研究以感(岷山红三叶)、抗(澳大利亚红三叶品种♀Sensation×Renegade♂杂交新品系“甘农PR1”)白粉病红三叶材料为父母本杂交并种植成苗经人工接菌后筛选出抗、感白粉病的F₁群体为作图群体,利用AFLP标记构建红三叶高密度遗传图谱,并利用区间作图法对抗白粉病QTL进行了定位分析,可以为红三叶抗白粉病基因克隆和转基因等分子辅助育种奠定基础。结果表明,149个AFLP标记构建得到的遗传图谱包含7个连锁群(LG1,LG2,LG3,LG4,LG5,LG6和LG7),遗传图谱的总距离为640.5 cM。其中,LG1连锁群的遗传距离(140.6 cM)和标记间平均距离(9.4 cM)均最大;LG4连锁群的遗传距离(55.2 cM)和标记间平均距离(1.8 cM)最小。应用区间作图法对红三叶抗白粉病基因进行QTL分析定位,共检测到5个抗白粉病相关QTL位点(qrp-1,qrp-2,qrp-3,qrp-4和qrp-5),其中qrp-1、qrp-2、qrp-3和qrp-4位于LG4连锁群上,qrp-5位于LG5连锁群上。5个QTL位点对抗白粉病的贡献率为29%~90%,qrp-1对红三叶白粉病抗性的贡献率最大(90%),为主效QTL。     

Effects of forage type and gibberellic acid on nitrate leaching losses

Nitrogen (N) leaching from soil into water is a significant concern for intensively grazed forage‐based systems because it can cause a decline in water quality and is a risk to human health. Urine patches from grazing animals are the main source of this N. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect that forage type and gibberellic acid (GA) application had on N leaching and herbage N uptake from urine patches on perennial ryegrass–white clover (RGWC), Italian ryegrass and lucerne. A lysimeter study was conducted over 17 months to measure herbage growth, N uptake and N loss to water beneath each of the three forage types with the following treatments: control, urine (700 kg N/ha) and urine with GA (8 g GA active ingredient/ha). Compared with RGWC (205 kg N/ha), N leaching losses were 35.3% lower from Italian ryegrass (133 kg N/ha) and 98.5% higher from lucerne (407 kg N/ha). These differences in leaching loss are likely to be due to winter plant growth and N uptake. During the winter months, Italian ryegrass had higher N uptake, whereas lucerne had lower N uptake, compared with RGWC. The application of GA had no effect on N leaching losses, DM yield or N uptake of forage treated with 700 kg N/ha urine.     

红三叶多酚氧化酶特性的研究

红三叶(Trifolium pretense L.)多酚氧化酶仅作用于邻苯酚,与对苯酚、间苯酚和一元酚无作用,而且对不同的邻苯酚其活性也表现很大差异,其中以咖啡酸作底物时活性最大.红三叶多酚氧化酶反应的最适pH值为6.5～7.0,最适温度为25～30℃,50℃时热稳定性相对较好.     

白三叶对黑麦草、弯叶画眉草的化感作用初探

针对白三叶Trifolium repens与黑麦草Lotium perenne、弯叶画眉草Eragrostis curvula混播时导致后2种植物数量减少甚至消失的现象,通过白三叶的根部、地上部和植株水提液对黑麦草和弯叶画眉草种子进行发芽实验,以及白三叶与黑麦草、白三叶与弯叶画眉草种子混播进行实验,研究表明:白三叶(幼苗、2年生植株根及茎叶)的水提取液在原液以及稀释20倍时对受体植物的胚根和胚芽的生长均产生明显的抑制作用,而在100倍稀释液时表现出一定的促进作用;白三叶与黑麦草及白三叶与弯叶画眉草种子混播实验,表明5∶1的比例为最佳混播比例.     

丛枝菌根真菌接种对白车轴草耐盐性的影响

丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)可与植物共生形成复杂的菌丝网络,影响植物生长及抗逆能力。目前关于AMF对白车轴草耐盐性的影响尚存争议,本研究采用盆栽试验,研究在盐胁迫条件下(NaCl浓度为150 mmol·L^-1),接种AMF对拉丁诺白车轴草耐盐性的影响。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,与对照相比,白车轴草的生长与生理指标均受到抑制。盐胁迫下接种AMF后,白车轴草株高、干重、PSⅡ最大光能转换效率和相对含水量均有增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及相对电导率有所降低,渗透调节物质均有提高,其中可溶性糖(SS)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别提高了32.03%和9.42%。说明盐胁迫抑制白车轴草的生长,接种AMF增强了白车轴草抗逆适应能力,促进白车轴草的生长,增加渗透调节物质含量,提高白车轴草耐盐胁迫的能力。     

Effects of replacing timothy silage by alsike clover silage on performance,carcass traits and meat quality of finishing Aberdeen Angus and Nordic Red bulls

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of silage plant species and cattle breed on performance and meat quality of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment was conducted using thirty Aberdeen Angus (AA) and thirty Nordic Red (NR) bulls. Both breeds were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. The composition (g kg^?1 dry matter) of the diets was as follows: (i) timothy silage (TS) (650) and barley (350); (ii) TS (325), alsike clover silage (AS) (325) and barley (350); and (iii) AS (650) and barley (350). The bulls were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. Replacing TS by AS did not affect dry‐matter intake, growth, carcass conformation or meat quality traits of the bulls, but carcass fat score tended to decrease when replacing TS by AS (P = 0·07). The AA bulls grew faster and had better feed conversion and superior carcass conformation compared with the NR bulls (P < 0·001). The loin of the AA bulls had lower shear force value and was given higher scores in sensory analyses compared with the NR bulls (P < 0·01). The experiment demonstrated that replacing TS by AS in the diet of finishing bulls had minor effects on performance or meat quality.     

镉胁迫对白车轴草生长、镉含量及养分分配的影响

为了解镉(Cd)胁迫对白车轴草(Tritolium repens L.)生长发育以及养分的吸收、累积与分配的影响,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度镉处理下白车轴草幼苗的生长、生物量及碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)的积累与分配特征。结果表明:随镉胁迫浓度增加,植株幼苗叶面积、主根长、侧根数、侧根长及地上部高先升高后降低,叶柄长明显降低;而根、茎、叶中镉含量逐渐升高,且根系大于茎叶。同时,植物各器官生物量生产及C、N、P和K积累量均表现出随镉添加量的增加而先升高后降低,高浓度镉胁迫处理(50.00、100.00和200.00 mg·kg-1)明显抑制植株生物量生产以及C、N、P和K的积累,显著改变了生物量及其C、N、P和K积累量的分配格局,但低浓度镉处理(12.50mg·kg-1)却无明显影响。一定浓度的镉胁迫处理(12.50和25.00 mg·kg-1)降低植株N、P、K的利用效率,但高浓度镉处理(200.00 mg·kg-1)则提高植株N、P、K的利用效率。本研究为城市园林绿化及镉污染土壤的修复提供了应用潜力,同时也为牧草的安全评估提供了科学借鉴。     

Effects of inbreeding on nodal root system morphology and architecture of white clover (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium repens</Emphasis> L.)

Plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar Crau, a self-fertile Crau genotype, and nine generations of inbred progeny were raised in sand culture in a glasshouse experiment. Digital images of the root systems were made and root morphological characteristics were determined on all the plants. Root architectural parameters were measured on the Crau parent and the S₁, S₄, S₆, and S₉ inbred lines. The clover roots became shorter and thicker with inbreeding but the number of root tips per plant was unchanged. Root architecture (branching pattern) was largely unaffected by inbreeding. It is concluded that inbreeding white clover will lead to shorter, thicker roots, and reduced nutrient uptake efficiency compared with the parent clover. The degree to which these deleterious traits are overcome during the development of F₁ hybrids needs to be determined.     

基于SSR标记的贵州野生白三叶遗传多样性分析

采用SSR分子标记技术,对贵州22份野生白三叶(Trifolium repens)样品遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行了研究.结果表明,利用20对SSR引物共扩增出202条带,其中169条带具有多态性,多态性位点达83％;根据SSR标记的多态性计算不同采样地野生白三叶样品之间的遗传距离(GD),22份样品之间遗传距离介于0.140 6～0.630 4之间,说明样品间遗传差异较大;聚类分析结果,当相似系数为0.64时,22份白三叶被分成3类:第1类只有W14,表明W14与其余材料的亲缘关系较远;第2类包括W2、W4、W8、W18居群,表明这4个居群相似性较大,遗传距离较近;第3类包括17个居群,居群间有着复杂的遗传关系.研究结果表明,22份贵州野生白三叶的遗传多样性十分丰富.