福建黄兔繁殖性状相关研究

本文对３１０只母兔的繁殖性状进行了测定分析，结果表明；妊娠期与产仔数、产活仔数及活仔窝重呈负相关，相关系数分别为－０．４２６＊、－０．３５０＊和－０．５１５头４胎内母兔，胎次对产仔性能无影响，对母兔泌乳性能有一定影响。同样条件下胎次增加。泌乳性能提高，第３胎较第２胎有显著提高。     

分离群体中常染色体上标记基因的数量遗传方差——Ⅰ.含有一个数量性状位点(QTL)时的计算方法

应用常染色体上的标记基因研究能够加快数量性状的遗传进展。亲代由标记基因遗传给后代的加性遗传方差值可以用来测定标记基因这种效益。分别在个体水平上以及在复合连续平衡的分离群体水平上建立了标记基因加性遗传方差值的理论方程。这些方程包括与标记基因连锁的数量性状位点数、这些数量性状位点的效应值以及与标记基因有关的重组率。并就分离群体中标记基因加性遗传方差的期望值进行了推导。在分离群体的系谱选择方案中,常染色体上遗传方差中绝大部分与位于该染色体上的标记基因相关。对于牛的一个平均长度染色体来讲,这部分值大约是该染色体孟德尔分离方差值的40% 。标记基因的位置效应和干扰因素对这一期望值的影响是很小的,而染色体的长度对期望方差值影响很大。如果标记基因缺乏多态型以及染色体替代效应估计偏差会大大降低MAS的选择效果。常染色体上标记基因遗传方差期望值的大小表明:即使当标记基因处在一个非活动位点,在分离群体中,仍有较大的染色体替代效应存在。     

A global sensitivity analysis of cultivar trait parameters in a sugarcane growth model for contrasting production environments in Queensland,Australia

New sugarcane cultivars are continuously developed to improve sugar industry productivity. Despite this sugarcane crop models such as the ‘Sugar’ module in the Agricultural Productions System sIMulator (APSIM-Sugar) have not been updated to reflect the most recent cultivars. The implications of misrepresenting cultivar parameters in APSIM-Sugar is difficult to judge as little research has been published on the likely values of these parameters and how uncertainty in parameter values may affect model outputs. A global sensitivity analysis can be used to better understand how cultivar parameters influence simulated yields. A Gaussian emulator was used to perform a global sensitivity analysis on simulated biomass and sucrose yield at harvest for two contrasting sugarcane-growing regions in Queensland, Australia. Biomass and sucrose yields were simulated for 42 years to identify inter-annual variability in output sensitivities to 10 parameters that represent physiological traits and can be used to simulated differences between sugarcane cultivars. Parameter main effect (S_i) and total effect (ST_i) sensitivity indices and emulator accuracy were calculated for all year-region-output combinations. When both regions were considered together parameters representing radiation use efficiency (rue), number of green leaves (green_leaf_no) and a conductance surrogate parameter (k_L) were the most influential parameters for simulated biomass in APSIM-Sugar. Simulated sucrose yield was most sensitive to rue, sucrose_fraction (representing the fraction of biomass partitioned as sucrose in the stem) and green_leaf_no. However, climate and soil differences between regions changed the level of influence cultivar parameters had on simulation outputs. Specifically, model outputs were more sensitive to changes in the transp_eff_cf and k_L parameters in the Burdekin region due to lower rainfall and poor simulated soil conditions. Collecting data on influential traits that are relatively simple to measure (e.g. number of green leaves) during cultivar development would greatly contribute to the simulation of new cultivars in crop models. Influential parameters that are difficult to measure directly such as transp_eff_cf and sucrose_fraction are ideal candidates for statistical calibration. Calibrating crop models either through direct observation or statistical calibration would allow crop modellers to better test how new cultivars will perform in a range of production environments.     

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map of Bread Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Using an Intervarietal Cross and QTL Map for Spike Related Traits

Most often a genetic linkage map is prepared using populations obtained from two highly diverse genotypes. However, the markers from such a map may not be useful in a breeding program as these markers may not be polymorphic among the varieties used in breeding. For the past nine years, intraspecific maps have been gaining importance and such maps based on Swiss （PaiUard et al., 2003）, Japanese （Suenaga et al., 2005）, Australian （Chaimcrs et al., 2001） wheat varieties arc available. A map based on Indian wheat varieties however has not been reported. We constructed a genetic linkage map based on a cross between two Indian bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） varieties, Sonalika and Kalyansona. One hundred and fifty F2 individuals were analyzed for arbitrarilyprimed polymerase Chain reaction （AP-PCR）, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR）, Sequence Tagged Microsatelhte Sites （STMS）, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） markers, seed storage proteins and known genes. A linkage map was constructed consisting of 236 markers and spanning a distance of 3 639 cM with 1 211.2 cM for A genome, 1 669.2 cM for B genome, 192.4 cM for D genome and 566.2 cM for unassigned groups,     

青鳞鱼鱼肉提取物在加热过程中的性质研究

本文以青鳞鱼鱼肉为原料,采有冷水法和酶水解法制备提取物并对其在加热过程中的性质进行了研究。结果表明：①青鳞鱼鱼肉蛋白含量为68．3-71％且水溶性蛋白与水不溶性蛋白之比约为2：9;②酶水解法提取物非蛋白氮约为其总氮的50％．而冷水法提取物则为41．5％;③酶水解法提取物在50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃和90℃的温度条件下加热2h后．颜色明显加深,同时产生大量的呈香物质。但常规成分基本无变化;而冷水法提取物在同样的温度条件下,其颜色、滋味等感官特性变化不明显,但常规成分变化却明显;④提取物水溶性蛋白的变性温度为60—70℃,70—90℃时提取物总氮大部分是非蛋白氮。青鳞鱼提取物在加热过程中的这些性质为其加工和利用提供了重要的理论依据。     

高油酸花生四川引种试验

为了快速筛选出适应四川生态环境的高油酸花生品种,发掘优质的高油酸资源,进而促进四川高油酸花生产业发展.以16份本地及引进的高油酸花生品种为材料,用调查取样及数据分析法比较以上品种在经济学性状、产量、生长特点、抗性及单株产量等方面的表现.'中花415'、'冀花13'、'豫花37'、'开农1760'和'冀花16'在荚果大小...     

工科大学生创新人格特征探析及培养策略——基于人格特质理论的视角

基于创新人格特征在不同文化和专业领域的差异性,通过调研发现,工科大学生创新人格特征具有高聪慧性、高实验性、高自律性等11项特征,与其他专业领域创新人才人格特征既有共同性,也存在独特性。结合高校教育实际,通过巧用目标激励,开展探索式学习和参与式训练,加强制度意识教育和完善心理帮扶体系,开展工科大学生创新人格的培养和教育。     

New molecular markers linked to qualitative and quantitative powdery mildew and scald resistance genes in barley for dry areas

A partial genetic linkage map was constructed on 71 doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between the barley lines Tadmor and WI2291 with 181 molecular markers. The segregating population was used to detect markers linked to the gene Mlg conferring resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) and to genes for quantitative resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis). The gene Mlg on chromosome 4H was flanked by two AFLP markers at a distance of 2.0 and 2.4 cM, respectively. QTLs for resistance to scald were detected on chromosomes 2H and 3H. This association of molecular markers with qualitative and quantitative disease resistance loci represents a valuable starting-point for marker-assisted selection. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

烤烟品种间香气成分差异及其性状遗传分析

以具有特殊香气的‘大白筋599’和具一般香气的‘G28’烤烟品种为材料,采用同时蒸馏萃取和GC/MS法测定了烟叶致香成分,利用常规遗传分析和RAPD法对烤烟特殊香气性状进行了遗传和分子标记探讨。结果表明:(1)测出的67种香气成分中,两品种间55种相同,12种不同。相同成分中,‘大白筋599’有25种含量高于G28。‘大白筋599’有8种特有成分,‘G28’有4种特有成分。(2)特殊香气性状在F1显性遗传,F2表现分离,且符合显性单基因遗传的3:1分离规律。(3)两品种间筛选到4个多态性引物,其扩增多态性片段可作为鉴定两品种的分子标记。用引物Y466对两品种及其F1和F2的17个单株进行遗传分析认为,扩增出的多态性片段与特殊香气性状呈连锁遗传趋势,可能是与香气性状连锁的分子标记。     

K型细胞质对普通小麦主要性状的影响

选用3个K型不育系及其保持系与5个恢复系组配杂交组合，研究K型细胞质对16个小麦主要性状的影响。结果表明：K型细胞质对普通小麦大多数性状有一定影响，但不同性状产生的效应不同，对农艺性状是不利影响，而对品质性状则是有利影响。主要表现在：株高变矮，分蘖成穗以及主茎小穗数和主茎穗粒数减少，千粒重和主茎穗粒重降低，导致产量的下降，子粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量则增加。但是，不同的不育系和恢复系所配的组合表现出的效应有很大差异．可以找到细胞质效应较小的不育系和恢复系材料。