Flow alteration and thermal pollution depress modelled growth rates of an iconic riverine fish,the Murray cod Maccullochella peelii

The serial discontinuity concept (SDC) proposes that hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundments cause major disruptions to the naturally occurring physical, chemical and biological gradients of rivers but that this impact diminishes with distance downstream. Such a gradient in discharge, flow velocity and temperature regime occurs below a large hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundment, the Hume Dam, on the River Murray in south‐eastern Australia. To examine the effects of this disturbance gradient on a warm‐water large‐bodied freshwater fish, the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a bioenergetics model was developed and calibrated to explore energy expended under differing water velocities and temperature regimes. Model simulations predicted negative growth of juveniles directly downstream of the impoundment, due largely to the energetic costs associated with active and, to a lesser extent, standard metabolism outweighing the achievable energetic gains through food consumption. As flow velocity and temperature regimes became more favourable downstream, so did the simulated growth of the species. It was not until +239 km downstream of the impoundment that the model predicted that flow velocity and temperature regimes were suitable for greater weight gains. The modelled growth responses of juvenile Murray cod are consistent with the predictions of the SDC, emphasising that changes in the bioenergetics of individuals are likely to be reflected in reduced growth rates under the changed flow velocity and temperature regimes imposed by disturbance gradients. This research represents a valuable step in the biological understanding of Murray cod within variable riverine environments and emphasises the urgency required to mitigate impacts associated with hypolimnetic impoundments.     

不同药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中的重要病害,是影响马铃薯产量和品质的重要因素之一,在云南春作马铃薯上普遍发生,且危害较重,给当地马铃薯产业带来了巨大的经济损失。为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,试验研究了11种药剂7种药剂组合(包衣剂+保护剂+治疗剂)通过播种期种薯包衣,现蕾期叶面喷施一次保护剂,发病初期和发病中期叶面各喷一次治疗剂的方法防治马铃薯晚疫病。结果表明,药剂组合种薯包衣+甲霜·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威的防治效果最好,防治效果达到60.99%,增产率176.28%,增效率152.27%;其次是种薯包衣+霜脲·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威组合,防治效果达到60.15%,增产率173.20%,增效率150.55%。这2个药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病均有极显著的防治效果,增产增效明显。     

用于直流传动控制系统的串行通讯

介绍了用Visual Basic提供的串行通讯控件，通过编程实现了PC机与应用单片机触发电路的直流传动系统的通信。     

基于OEM板的GPS接收机设计

利用单片机和OEM板二次设计了一种成本低又能满足性能使用要求的经济型GPS接收机。系统硬件是以Intel8051单片机为核心,采用Jupiter-TMGPS接收板二次开发、键盘、液晶显示器、RS-232电缆及其它外围器件开发设计的;应用汇编语言实现了GPS信号的提取、显示及基本的键盘控制操作等。经实验证明:该接收机单点无差分定位精度低,但比一般的手持机精度要高,需要进一步研究如何提高精度。     

一种叶绿素实时检测的新方法

介绍了一种基于MINIPAM荧光仪调制脉冲式荧光检测技术的LED辐照叶绿素荧光参数的实时检测方法。该方法利用可编程电源为LED列阵提供恒流输出驱动,LED列阵作为激发叶绿素产生荧光的光化光,利用MINIPAM荧光仪对植物光系统II的稳态荧光Fs、光适应下最大荧光Fm’进行检测,并结合环境测控系统的测量,综合分析环境因素对实际量子效率、实际电子传递速率等参数的影响。MINIPAM荧光仪通过与上位机通信,可以进行实时在线监控。     

基于ATmega16和SHT71的鸡舍温湿度测控系统

鸡舍温度对鸡的产蛋量、蛋的大小和蛋壳厚度都有不良的影响。鸡舍的空气湿度对鸡体蒸发散热和非蒸发散热都有影响。为此,提出了基于ATmega16、计算机及SHT71组成的鸡舍温湿度检测控制系统。它可以利用SHT71完成对鸡舍环境温度和湿度的自动检测,把数据通过RS485传输到计算机,通过计算机进行相应的数据处理,并控制风扇和水帘,来对鸡舍的温湿度进行自动调节。最后,利用PROTEUS对整个系统进行仿真调试。     

Differential responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) — Rhizobium combinations to saline soil conditions

Summary Chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) and their symbiosis with specific strains of Rhizobium spp. were examined under salt stress. The growth of rhizobia declined with NaCl concentrations increasing from 0.01 to 2% (w : v). Two Rhizobium spp. strains (F-75 and KG 31) tolerated 1.5% NaCl. Of the 10 chickpea cultivars examined, only three (Pusa 312, Pusa 212, and Pusa 240) germinated at 1.5% NaCl. The chickpea — Rhizobium spp. symbiosis was examined in the field, with soil varying in salinity from electrical conductivity (EC) 4.5 to EC 5.2 dSm^-1, to identify combinations giving satisfactory yields. Significant interactions between strains and cultivars caused differential yields of nodules, dry matter, and grain. Four chickpea — Rhizobium spp. combinations, Pusa 240 and F-75 (660 kg ha^-1), Pusa 240 and IC 76 (440 kg ha^-1), Pusa 240 and KG 31 (390 kg ha^-1), and Pusa 312 and KG 31 (380 kg ha^-1), produced significantly higher grain yields in saline soil.     

广西早籼品种(组合)的稻米品质状况及改良目标

广西多数早籼品种(组合)的糙米率、精米率、粒长、粒形、糊化温度、胶稠度、蛋白质含量等指标。达到了农业部(NY122-86)二级优质食用稻米标准。但完整米率的达标率偏低,胚乳的垩白程度偏大,垩白粒率偏高,直链淀粉含量偏高,米粒的蒸煮延长性差。今后,早籼稻的品质育种应把提高完整米率,降低直链淀粉含量和提高胚乳的透明度作为品质改良的主攻目标。     

刚柔耦合串联机械臂末端位置误差分析与补偿

机械臂连杆柔性、关节柔性等非线性变形的综合影响,导致其末端位置发生偏离而产生误差。本文以IRB1410型串联机械臂为研究对象,采用理论分析、仿真分析与实验验证相结合的方式,对机械臂末端位置误差进行分析与补偿研究。首先,建立机械臂刚柔耦合理论误差模型,并运用Newmarkβ法进行数值仿真分析;联合ANSYS和ADAMS进行刚柔耦合机械臂末端位置运动误差仿真;为了实现快速补偿,提出基于BP神经网络的伪目标点法对位置误差进行补偿,补偿后其位置误差均方根减小了68.3%,说明该方法具有较好的补偿效果;最后,自主设计并搭建了测量实验平台,采用所提算法进行了误差补偿实验,对比补偿前后距离误差,补偿后误差均方根减小了77.01%,验证了伪目标点法对柔性误差补偿的有效性。     

氟苯尼考与多西环素联合对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗效果

研究了氟苯尼考单药及与多西环素联合对鸡大肠杆菌的抗菌活性、抗菌后效应(PAE)及对试验性鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗效果.结果表明:氟苯尼考对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为1 6mg·L-1,与氯霉素相同,是甲砜霉素的2 5%;氟苯尼考对鸡大肠杆菌的PAE(1 45～2 07h)显著长于甲砜霉素(P<0 05),呈浓度依赖性.棋盘法测得氟苯尼考与多西环素联合对鸡大肠杆菌呈无关作用,部分抑菌浓度(FIC)指数值为1 5,联合时的氟苯尼考MIC值是其单独时50%.氟苯尼考以1∶2(质量比)与多西环素联合时,对鸡大肠杆菌的PAE与单药PAE的较大值相近,与相应浓度的单药相比均表现为无相关作用.氟苯尼考3种剂量(10mg·kg-1和20mg·kg-1(肌注)、30mg·kg-1(口服))、或联合用药(氟苯尼考10mg·kg-1+多西环素20mg·kg-1、氟苯尼考20mg·kg-1+多西环素40mg·kg-1(口服))5种治疗方案,对鸡大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为73 3%,76 7%,73 3%,76 7%,80 0%,感染对照组的死亡率为80 0%.