早籼型水稻温敏核不育系M103S的选育与光温反应特性

以温敏核不育水稻安农S—1为母本，以常规高产早籼稻品系92153为父本进行杂交，通过低温选择和人工气候箱鉴定，育成了育性转换临界温度23—24℃的早籼型温敏核不育系M103S。光周期长于12．5h，日平均温度高于24℃，可以用于制种，日平均温度低于23℃，可以用于繁殖。光周期长于13．5h，日平均温度高于23℃，可以用于制种。自然条件下不育起点温度为日均温23—24℃，耐低温期为3—4d。敏感期为抽穗前的7—14d。播始历期为53—79d，主茎叶片数10．0—12．6片。从播种到始穗的活动积温和有效积温，分别为1493．8—1766．3℃和733．4—1058．3℃。不育期的株高63．6—77．5cm，平均72．0cm，单株有效穗6．4—12．0个，平均9．3个，穗长20．9—22．7cm，平均21．2cm，每穗颖花数112．1—137．3朵，平均122．3朵。可育期株高65．7cm，单株有效穗7．2个，穗长17．2cm，每穗总粒数114．1粒，结实率47．23％，千粒重31．34g。以M103S为母本，与100多个早籼品种进行测配，杂种表现生育期早、穗大、粒多、千粒重高。     

籼型温敏核不育系宣F116S的特征特性及应用研究

[目的]分析籼型温敏核不育系宣F116S(Orza sativa L.)的特征特性及应用价值。[方法]籼型温敏核不育系宣F116S是宣城市农业科学研究所2010年利用宣69S为母本、培矮64S为父本杂交选择育成的,2011年8月通过安徽省技术鉴定。为充分了解其特征特性,在选育鉴定过程中,采用分期播种试验和相关指标测试调查相结合的方法进行研究。[结果]宣F116S育性稳定,花粉镜检以无花粉败育为主,败育率99.98%,套袋自交结实率100.00%;开花习性较好,柱头外露率和异交结实率较高,繁殖制种产量高,配合力强。[结论]宣F116S适合配制早熟和中熟杂交中籼组合,应用前景十分广阔。加强优质原种繁育、优选父本配组和配套安全生产技术,有利于不育系的应用。     

水稻广亲和温敏不育系株1 S的选育及应用

株１Ｓ是用遗传 远的不同生态类型材料杂交充 灿型广亲和温敏不育系。育性转换临界温度２３℃左右，在湖南稳定不育期９０ｄ以上，开花习性好，异交结实率４０％以上。海南冬敏少本地低温水深灌繁殖自交结实率在３０％以上，具有广亲和性，一般配合力和特殊配合力均较强，用其选配的早晚稻组合已有４个参加省区试。具有广阔的应用前景。     

分子标记辅助选育抗稻白叶枯病的低温敏核不育系3178S

本研究以IRBB21为Xa21基因供体，籼型低温敏不育系399S为低温核不育系基因供体，采用杂交和回交方法，逐代用分子标记检测手段，导入广谱抗白叶枯病基因Xa21和低温敏核不育系基因，聚合双亲的有利性状，育成抗白叶枯病的籼型低温敏核不育系3178S，其抗性达到了IRBB21的抗性水平，且保持了399S稳定的育性和双亲的优良经济性状。     

Genetics of thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice

Summary Inheritance of thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) in Norin PL12 and IR32364TGMS and their allelic relationship were studied from F₁, F₂ testcross (TC) and F₃ generations of the crosses made with the two mutants and several fertile tester parents. F₂, TC and F₃ segregation behavior for pollen and spikelet fertility indicated that the TGMS trait in the two mutants was controlled by a single recessive gene. Allelic relationship studies indicated that TGMS genes of the two mutants were different. Since TGMS gene in Norin PL12 has been designated as tms ₂ , the TGMS gene present in IR32364TGMS is tentatively designated as tms ₃ (t) until allelic test is done with another TGMS gene (tms ₁ ) reported from China in a line 5460S seeds of which were not available.     

Detection and Analysis of High Temperature Sensitivity of TGMS Lines in Rice Using AMMI Model

With the AMMI(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction)analysis model,the determination of the sensitivity to temperature among different TGMS(thermo-sensitive genic male sterile)lines was performed. To assess the genetic differences due to high temperature stress at. the fertility-sensitive stage(10- 20 d before heading),seven genotypes(six TGMS lines and the control Pei-Ai64S)were grown from May 4 at seven different stages with 10d intervals. The temperatures at. the fertility-sensitive stages involved twelve levels from ＜ 20 to ＞30℃ under the regime natural conditions in Hangzhou,China. There was considerable variation in pollen fertility among genotypes in response to high temperature. Five genotypes identified as TGMS lines as their percentages of fertile pollens were lower than or close to that. of the. control except for the unstable line RTS19(V6). When the temperatures at. the fertility-sensitive stage were at Ⅰ -Ⅳ,Ⅴ-Ⅵ and Ⅶ-Ⅻ,the percentages of fertile pollens varied in the ranges of 46.46- 48.49%,19.62-22.79% and 3.49- 5.87%,respectively. The critical temperatures of sterility and fertility in the five TGMS lines were 25.1 and 23.0℃,respectively. Considering the amounts and directions of main effect and their IPCA(interaction principal components analysis),we can classify the lines and temperature levels into different groups,and describe the characteristics of genotyPe x temperature interaction,offering the information and tools for the development and utility of thermo-sensitive male sterile lines.Several TGMS rice lines with their reproductive sensitivity to high temperature that can be screened using the AMMI model may add valuable germplasm to the breeding program of hybrid rice.     

Inheritance of the Pale-Green Leaf Marker and Sterility Trait in Photo-Thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice

P/TGMS (photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterility) lines with pale-green leaf color have beendeveloped in japonica rice. The marker trait is used as an assistant selection in the production of the two-linessystem hybrid rice for the improvement of F1 seed purity. A joint inheritance study of both leaf color and malesterility is presented for P/TGMS line with pale-green leaf color. The segregation ratios for leaf color in the F2populations of the three crosses showed 13 : 3 and 15 : 1 at early and late sowing stages (April 26 and June23) respectively, implying that the leaf color is controlled by two genes with fertility gene as dominant. Steril-ity level is higher in the early sowing stage than that in the late sowing. The inducement of male sterility isclosely related to longer day-length and higher temperature at the developmental stages of young panicle. Thegenes to govern the leaf color and male fertility are inherited independently.     

粳稻温敏雄性不育系选育研究

 自1987年开始,利用云南地方品种和优良的粳、籼品种,采用常规杂交、回交及连续多代自交等方法,通过异地种植鉴定选择,成功地培育出具有云南地方品种质源,具有较好农艺性状,育性转换明显而稳定的新型温敏不育系滇农S-1和滇农S-2等。研究表明,以云南地方品种为主要亲本进行常规杂交培育温敏不育系,是一条行之有效的途径。试验表明,从现有滇型水稻不育系中直接筛选温敏型不育系也是可行的。     

云南气候条件下选育水稻光温敏不育系的策略探讨

 云南光温敏雄性不育水稻的研究和利用虽已经历了较长的时期,但在不育系的选育和制种上一直未取得较大的突破。在新世纪到来之际,为促进云南“两系”杂交稻的育种工作的快速发展,本文结合云南气候的光温特点及云南水稻光温敏不育系选育和利用的经验,对今后云南水稻光温敏不育系的选育、利用的策略进行了探讨。云南纬度低,海拔差异大,日可照时数变化较小,在云南进行温敏不育系的选育和利用具有十分有利的气候条件。其主要的技术路线是利用海拔差异筛选温敏不育系和在不同海拔进行繁殖制种;在选育中运用花药培养技术,缩短温敏不育系的选育周期。     

热激对温敏核不育系“安农S-1”花药生理变化的影响

试验研究热激对温敏核不育系“安农S-1”花药生理变化的影响结果表明,温敏核不育系“安农S-1”在花粉母细胞形成至减数分裂期经热激(38℃)处理后,其花药中游离氨基酸总量、天冬氨酸和丙氨酸含量均显著高于低温(23℃)处理;而游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量则显著低于低温处理。对照经热激(38℃)处理后,其花药中游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质含量与低温处理基本一致,这些生理变化可能影响花粉母细胞正常的形成和减数分裂,以致花粉不能正常发育并最终导致花粉败育。