Effect of biologically active substances present in water extracts of white mustard and coriander on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation of mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells

Coriander and white mustard, an annual plants originated in the Mediterranean region, have been cultivated and used as spices for a long time. Recent studies have shown that they may constitute a potential source of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of polyphenols in coriander and white mustard water extracts and to investigate their antioxidant activity in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells, which serve as a good model of cells with intensive metabolism. HPLC analysis showed that polyphenols were able to permeate from the water extracts of studied plants into the undifferentiated myoblasts as well as myocytes undergoing differentiation, increasing the concentration of reduced glutathione and upregulating glutathione reductase and peroxidase activity. White mustard and coriander extracts also decreased the levels of oxysterols and sum of tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in both: myoblasts and differentiating myocytes, demonstrating protective effect on cell membranes. The obtained results indicate that polyphenols synthesized by both herbs may have beneficial effects on muscle tissue.     

白芥子豁痰治肿瘤的应用规律探析

基于白芥子畅达三焦化皮里膜外之痰,探讨白芥子"豁痰"功效在肿瘤疾病中的应用规律。皮里膜外为三焦组成部分,白芥子辛温利气豁痰,可畅通三焦水道,消结散滞。内服治疗肿瘤可温通豁痰消结节,畅达三焦化胸水,寓补于消安五脏;外敷可透皮散肿毒。参透其理,可更深入掌握白芥子"豁痰"治肿瘤的应用规律。     

磁处理水对两种十字花科植物种子发芽生长的影响

为了观察磁处理水培养液对2种十字花科植物莱菔与白芥种子发芽生长的影响．使用不同强度的磁处理水培养液对莱菔种子和白芥种子进行处理，设置对照组，7d统计发芽率、根长、根重，测相对电导率。结果表明：0．08T、0．10T强度磁处理水培养液处理的莱菔子与白芥子发芽和根生长情况均好于对照组（P〈O．05）．0．08T、0．10T磁处理水培养液处理的两种幼株的电导率均低于对照组。说明磁处理水培养液对两种十字花科植物莱菔与白芥种子发芽生长有影响，其生长情况与磁场强度有关。     

Cutting weeds with a CO2 laser

Stems of Chenopodium album . and Sinapis arvensis . and leaves of Lolium perenne . were cut with a CO₂ laser or with a pair of scissors. Treatments were carried out on greenhouse-grown pot plants at three different growth stages and at two heights. Plant dry matter was measured 2 to 5 weeks after treatment. The relationship between dry weight and laser energy was analysed using a non-linear dose–response regression model. The regression parameters differed significantly between the weed species. At all growth stages and heights S. arvensis was more difficult to cut with a CO₂ laser than C. album . When stems were cut below the meristems, 0.9 and 2.3 J mm⁻¹ of CO₂ laser energy dose was sufficient to reduce by 90% the biomass of C. album and S. arvensis respectively. Regrowth appeared when dicotyledonous plant stems were cut above meristems, indicating that it is important to cut close to the soil surface to obtain a significant effect. When cutting L. perenne plants with 2-true leaves at a height of 2 cm from the soil surface with a laser, the biomass decreased significantly compared with plants cut by scissors, indicating a delay in regrowth. This delay was not observed for the dicotyledonous plants nor for the other growth stages of L. perenne .     

Pod shatter resistance evaluation in cultivars and breeding lines of Brassica napus, B. juncea and Sinapis alba

Pod shatter susceptibility was investigated in Brassica napus germplasm and shatter resistant species of B. juncea and Sinapis alba. The comparisons were made by measuring seed yield in field plots, detached pod rupture energy (RE) and the half‐life of pod‐opening. Pod shatter resistance was significantly greater in B. napus lines derived from interspecific hybridizations of B. napus with B. rapa, B. carinata and B. juncea, than common B. napus cultivars. While these lines exhibited no significant difference in resistance to pod shatter than B. juncea, an entry of S. alba had no yield loss caused by pod shatter. Resistance to pod shatter was characterized in the field as little or no yield loss after full maturity, delayed shattering in time, and stable yield performance under variable climatic conditions during pod maturity. Yield loss caused by pod shatter ranged from a low of 4% for the B. juncea cv. ‘AC Vulcan’ to a high of 61% for the black seeded B. napus line DH12075 in 2‐year field trials after 1 month maturity. Pod shatter resistance was not significantly associated with specific plant and pod morphological traits, except pod length (P = 0.005) in tested materials. Field visual scores of pod shatter through inspections of average pod shatter per plant within plots were highly correlated with plot yield loss. Indoor quantitative evaluations of pod strength using a pendulum machine to measure pod RE and random impact test to measure half‐life of pod‐opening resistance were highly correlated with field yield loss. Multiple evaluations of pod shatter in method and in time after pod maturity are recommended for reliable evaluation of pod shatter resistance.     

Genetic control of fatty acid composition in seed oil of Sinapis alba L.

Summary Inheritance of fatty acid composition was studied in an F1 diallel cross in Sinapis alba. Crosses were made among accessions having contrasting amounts of oleic (C18:1) and erucic (C22:1) acid. Concentrations of oleic, linoleic (C18:2), eicosenoic (C20:1) and erucic (C22:1) acids were determined by gas-chromatography for each mating combination. Genetic analysis confirmed that the composition of the fatty acids was controlled mainly by the nuclear genes of the embryo. Additive gene action with partial dominance for the reducing alleles was noted for oleic and linoleic acids, while erucic acid showed an additive mode of inheritance with partial dominance for the enhancing alleles. Positive heterosis was demonstrated for eicosenoic acid content. Erucic acid content was strongly negatively correlated with oleic acid, suggesting a genetic interdependence between the two fatty acids. Broad-sense and narrow-sense heritability estimates for each of oleic, linoleic and erucic acids were very high, due to low between-plants non-genetic component of variance.Contribution No. 3662-E, 1992 series.     

Establishment and Identification of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus by Intergeneric Somatic Hybridization

Exploitation of novel cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)is a main approach for widening the cytoplasmic genetic background of hybrid oilseed rape and avoiding epidemic risk in oilseed rape production.In this study,symmetric somatic hybrids between Brassicanapus var.Zhongshuang4 and Sinapis arvensis(Yeyou18)were produced by protoplast fusion.Two of the six established hybrids were male sterile showing trace or no pollen release upon flowering with non-or slightly extended stamens.Using Zhongshuang4 as a recurrent parent to pollinate the male sterile plants,the ratio of male sterile plants increased with the number of backcrosses.As early as in BC3 generation,most of the sterile families had nearly 100%sterile plants.Up to BC4 generation,the male sterility became stable and no fertility segregation was observed.All F1 progenies from tested crosses using restorer and maintainer lines of Polima CMS were 100%sterile,indicating that the established CMS by somatic hybridization is different from Polima CMS.The origin of the cytoplasm and potential use of this hovel CMS in oilseed rape breeding were discussed.Key wotds:Oilseed rape,Protoplast fusion,Cytoplasmic male sterility,Sinapis arvensis     

温度对4种杂草种子萌发的影响

研究了20℃/15℃和25℃/20℃两种日波动温度对棒头草（Polypogon fugax Nees ex steud.）、大瓜草（Spergula arvensis L.）、红花月见草（Oenothera rosea L’Herit.ex Ait.）和紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorumSpreng.）种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的作用。结果表明,4种杂草种子萌发对两种波动温度的反应存在差异。前4 d高温有利于棒头草种子萌发,而3 d以后,种子在低温时的发芽率均高于高温处理。前3 d高温促进大瓜草种子的发芽势,而4 d后两种温度下种子的发芽率维持不变,且低温处理的发芽率比高温处理高10%左右。红花月见草和紫茎泽兰种子萌发对温度的反应很相似,即在种子萌发的早期高温和低温种子发芽率差异很大,随着发芽时间的进一步延长,两种温度处理的发芽率逐渐接近。     

In-vitro Fertilization of Ovules of Some Species of Brassicaceae*

The method of in-vitro fertilization of ovules can be successfully applied to various species of Brassincaceae. Mature embryos and plants were obtained after in-vitro pollinating the ovules of Arabis caucasica, Brassica napus, B. oleracea var. sabellica (kale), B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli), Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Moricandia arvensis and Sisymbrium Loeselli. In the case of Sinapis alba fertilization and embryo development did not occur. The same method has been successfully used for obtaining hybrid immature embryos at different stages of development from crosses between B. napus X D. tenuifolia, B. napus X M. arvensis, B. oleracea var. italica X D. tenuifolia, D. tenuifolia x B. napus, D. tenuifolia. X M. arvensis and D. tenuifolia X S. Loeselli. The present findings show that in-vitro pollination of ovules of various species of Brassicaceae makes it possible to (a) perform the whole process of fertilization and embryogenesis; and (b) obtain intergeneric hybrid embryos.     

Moricandia arvensis 与甘蓝型油菜属间杂种的获得及其生物学特性研究

以C_3作物甘蓝型油菜作父本与野生C_3—C_4中间型植物Moricandia arvensis作有性杂交,经子房培养和胚性芽挽救,获得了4个属间杂种,经腋芽繁殖使杂种群体增至数百株。RFLP分析结果显示,杂种核DNA具有两个亲本的特征指纹,而其细胞质中仅含母本Moricandia arvensis的线粒体DNA指纹。杂种多具33条染色体,为双亲配子染色体数之和。虽然杂种植株在大多数形态特征上表现为双亲的中间类型,但在某些性状上明显趋向某一亲本。杂种植株的一般特征是半匍匐性,浅裂叶,开浅黄花。其以CO_2补偿点很高,为C_3类型。花粉母细胞减数分裂不正常,有多价体产生。杂种雌雄性皆不育。用秋水仙素将杂种加倍为双二倍体后,仍然雄性不育。对进一步向芸薹属作物基因组中导入C_3-C_4基因的技术途径进行了讨论。