The ectomycorrhizal status of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) seedlings from bare-root forest nurseries

In this paper, we report molecular investigation of an ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) community of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) seedlings grown in a bare-root nursery. In total, we surveyed 32 nurseries that were each active in supplying planting stocks to restock forests and for afforestation of post-agricultural land. Sequence-based approach was used to identify EMF taxa, quantify EMF richness, and document differences in the relative abundance of individual taxa. We identified seven fungal species that might contribute to the mycorrhizal community structure of 1 to 3-year-old L. decidua seedlings. The species richness in the examined larches varied between one and four fungal taxa, depending on both the nursery stock samples (NSS) and age class of the seedlings. The average was 1.4 for 1-year-old seedlings and 2.3 for 2- and 3-year-old plants. The dominance of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota and the prevalence of two species, Wilcoxina mikolae and Suillus grevillei, as EMF partners were characteristic features of nursery-grown L. decidua seedlings. S. grevillei was the only one basidiomycetes colonized roots of tested seedlings. The rest of the mycorrhizal pool from forest nurseries was typically dominated by pioneer fungal ascomycetes. W. mikolae was the most common mycorrhizal ascomycete present at a high frequency on NSS from both age classes and with very high abundance (average 90%) on 1-year-old seedlings. Some other ascomycetes (Pezizales 1, Pezizales 2 and Pezizales 3) appeared on tested larches at a low frequency, but sometimes in high abundance. Tuber spp. appeared at a low frequency and low abundance. The relative abundance of S. grevillei was positively correlated with the age of seedlings, while W. mikolae was negatively correlated with age. Tuber sp. 1 and 2, Pezizales 2, and W. mikolae were positively associated with the basic soil pH values. However, forward selection of the environmental variables showed that only the age of the larch seedlings contributed significantly (F = 11.45, P = 0.02) to the variance in the ECF community.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S2蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

参考genebank已发表的IBV纤突蛋白S2基因序列,设计了两对特异性引物,对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒黑龙江肾型分离株Mg/Mk和K进行RT-PCR扩增,将扩增后得到的PCR产物克隆入pMD18-T载体,并进行测序和分析。结果显示:S2基因的核苷酸全长为1884bp,编码一条由628个氨基酸组成的多肽,与网上报道的相一致。地方分离株Mg株、Mk株、K株分别和标准株T株比较,其同源性分别为92.3%、94.7%和94.2%。而Mg和Mk株的同源性为97.2%,Mg和K株的同源性为96.7%,Mk和K株的同源性为99.5%。说明地方分离株的亲缘关系较近,而和T株的亲缘关系较远。     

转录组技术在果树研究中的应用

介绍了转录组技术的概念及研究的技术手段,并重点综述了转录组在果树的品种鉴定、生长发育、逆境胁迫以及发现新基因等方面的研究进展,及其在果树上的应用前景。     

Wood ash fertilization alters the forest humus Archaea community

The combined and separate effects of Cd and wood ash on Archaea from coniferous forest humus were studied in a microcosm experiment. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the denaturing gradient gel analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 0.9 kb 16S ribosomal DNA fragments revealed changes in archaeal communities due to the ash treatments. Cd with or without ash did not further influence the result. Representatives of the ash and control communities were cloned, grouped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and finally sequenced. All sequences belonged to non-thermophilic Crenarchaea.     

混合工艺处理猪场养殖废水研究

针对规模化的猪场养殖废水具有有机物浓度高、悬浮物高、氨氮高的特点,目前控制猪场养殖废水污染的方法主要以厌氧+好氧生物处理为主,辅助物化法、自然处理法。本研究借助实际工程,采用ABR+SBR+生态氧化塘混合处理工艺,探索其处理规模化猪场养殖废水的可行性和运行效果研究。     

高邮麻鸭白细胞介素-2基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]对高邮麻鸭白细胞介素-2（CIL-2）基因进行克隆和序列分析。[方法]以高邮麻鸭外周血淋巴细胞提取的总RNA为模板,根据已发表的鸭IL-2基因cDNA序列设计并合成1对引物,应用两步RT-PCR技术扩增出IL-2基因的特异性片段。将扩增片段插入pGEM-T-easy载体,并进行测序分析和结果验证。[结果]阳性克隆所含插入片段的DNA序列全长为433bp,与预期大小一致,含有1个423bp大小的开放性阅读框,共编码141个氨基酸的前体蛋白,N端21个氨基酸形成信号肽,成熟蛋白为120个氨基酸,分子量约为13.66kD,含1个糖基化位点。该序列与绿头鸭、绍兴鸭、固始鸭相应序列的同源性均为99.8%,与广州白鸭的同源性为99.3%,存在少量核苷酸差异。[结论]高邮麻鸭IL-2编码区基因相对高度保守,为其用于临床疾病治疗提供了一定参考。     

黄海黄杆菌YS-9412-130低温碱性蛋白酶的基因克隆和序列测定

黄海黄杆菌YS－9412－130具有稳定的分泌低温碱性蛋白酶的能力。将其染色体DNA用Sau3AⅠ部分酶切后,低熔点琼脂糖回收2－10Kb的DNA片段,用Klenow大片段酶半补齐,与用SalⅠ酶切且半补齐的质粒pUC19连续后,转化E.Coli.JM109,构建基因文库。且酪蛋白平板法和酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）的活性筛选方法从基因文库中筛选到一株产海洋低温碱性酶的阳性克隆（命名为pHH1）。序列测定分析表明,此重组质粒包含有长度为768bp低温碱性蛋白酶基因的完整的开放读码框架（ORF）和上游基因调控序列。此片段编码由256个氨基酸组成的酶,计算分子量为83000Dal。通过Southern杂交证实了此片段来自于黄海黄杆菌YS－9412－130基因组DNA。     

禽流感病毒HA基因的分子克隆和测序

血凝素（HA）是禽流感病毒诱导机体产生保护性体液免疫反应的主要靶抗原。本研究的目的是克隆HA基因，为以后的表达及基因工程疫苗的研制奠定基础。收获接毒鸡胚的尿囊液，超速离心沉淀病毒，采用异硫氰酸胍法提取病毒RNA，利用反转录－聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）技术扩增出禽流感病毒（H9N2亚型）血凝素的cDNA。PCR产物加A尾后，用玻璃奶试剂盒回收纯化目的片段，通过T－A连接将加尾PCR产物连接到线状克隆载体pGEM-T easy vector，转化DH5α感受态细胞，在含氨苄青霉素的LB平板上筛选阳性克隆，提取质粒，经酶切鉴定，对目的片段进行测序，结果获得了HA基因全长，约1．7kb，与已知序列进行同源性比较，同源性最高的可达97％，所克隆的基因为禽流感HA基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

伪狂犬病病毒上海株gE和gI基因的克隆及序列分析

参考Genebank发表的伪犬病病毒（Pseudorabies Virus,PRV）的gI和gE基因序列，自行设计并合成了两对引物，对PRV上海株（PRV－SH）进行PCR扩增，产物经琼脂糖电泳分析，均呈现一条约960bp和1740bp的条带，将其克隆入pGEM-T-easy载体中，进行了序旬测定，将PRV－SH株的gI基因与Rice株gI基因比较发现,核苷酸的同源性为94.7%，氨基酸的同源性为91.3%，证实为gI基因，将PRV－SH gE基因序列与Ea株、Ruce株gE基因序列进行比较，结果显示，该序列与PRV Ea株、Rice株gE基因的同源性分别为98.5%、97.5%；的氨基酸序列与Ea株，Rice株和I型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV－1）17株gE的同源性分别为97.2%、94.8%和15.6%。     

狂犬病病毒SRV9克隆株核蛋白基因的克隆、表达与特性分析

根据已发表的狂犬病病毒核蛋白基因序列，设计并合成了一对引物，从SAD株驯化的SRV9。蚀斑株中提取病毒RNA，通过RT-PCR扩增出核蛋白的全长cDNA序列，测序结果显示，其序列与国外报道的SAD母源株序列一致。将核蛋白的cDNA克隆至原核表达载体pET-28b( )中，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）plyss，于30℃1mmol/LIPTG条件下诱导表达，大肠杆菌菌体裂解产物经SDS-PAGE分析，在分子量约为56kDa处出现一新的蛋白带。和预期的目的蛋白分子量相符，Western-blotting检测表明，表达产物能与狂犬病病毒阳性血清发生特异性反应，出现单一反应带，扫描分析显示，表达产物占菌体总蛋白的23%，包涵体分离，纯化后，纯度达89%，上述结果为核蛋白在狂犬病基因免疫和免疫检测中的进一步应用奠定了基础。