柑橘类植物GPAT基因片段克隆和SNP分析

甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶基因是与植物抗冷性强弱密切相关的基因。根据已报道的各种植物GPAT基因的氨基酸序列上前后两个保守区设计1对简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术,分别从琯溪蜜柚、马家柚、莽山野橘等8种柑橘类植物中克隆得到315bp的GPAT基因片段。使用DNA Star5.0软件对8个片段序列进行同源性比较,8个片段的核苷酸同源性高达97.8%,与其它植物GPAT基因核苷酸序列的同源性都在72.5%以上;经过氨基酸序列推导,每个GPAT基因片段分别编码105个氨基酸,8个片段的氨基酸同源性为95.2%,与其它植物GPAT基因的氨基酸序列同源性在68.9%以上。试验克隆所得8种柑橘类植物GPAT基因片段序列存在明显的单核苷酸变异,在14个核苷酸位点存在SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms),导致6个氨基酸位点发生变异,多态性频率为1SNP/22.5bp,核苷酸变异度为4.45%,氨基酸变异度为5.71%。采用NJ聚类法对克隆片段的核苷酸序列进行了遗传多样性分析。     

茶树CHS基因结构及编码区单核苷酸多态性分析

【目的】通过试验获得茶树CHS基因（CsCHS）gDNA序列,以进一步确定CsCHS基因结构;研究CsCHS编码区单核苷酸多态性,并结合茶树多酚含量进行关联分析,寻找基因中可能存在的与茶多酚含量存在显著或极显著相关关系的SNP位点。【方法】根据NCBI数据库中已有CsCHS序列设计特异性引物,再分别以基因组DNA和cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,经克隆、测序获得CsCHS1、CsCHS2、CsCHS3三个基因的gDNA和cDNA全长序列,通过序列比对方法确定CsCHS结构。利用Compute pI/Mw、SOPMA等软件对所得序列进行生物信息学分析,预测和比较CsCHS1、CsCHS2和CsCHS3三者蛋白质结构。以茶多酚含量差异较大的57份茶树品种为材料,分别以57份材料的cDNA为模板,用特异性引物进行PCR扩增,然后利用PCR产物直接测序法筛查CsCHS编码区序列的单核苷酸多态性。结合CsCHS编码区序列单核苷酸多态性和57份材料多酚含量,利用软件TASSEL进行关联分析,筛选基因中可能与茶多酚含量存在显著或极显著相关关系的SNP位点。【结果】试验获得CsCHS1、CsCHS2和CsCHS3的cDNA序列长度分别为1 277、1 320和1 242 bp,各自均包含一个长度为1 170 bp的开放阅读框;CsCHS1、CsCHS2和CsCHS3的gDNA序列长度分别为1 600、1 330和1 607 bp。通过gDNA序列和cDAN序列比对,结合真核生物内含子GT-AG法则,确定CsCHS1、CsCHS3分别包含2个外显子和1个内含子,内含子大小分别为323和356 bp,CsCHS2可能没有内含子。根据CsCHS1、CsCHS2和CsCHS3 cDNA序列推导三者对应氨基酸序列,比较三条氨基酸序列发现三者氨基酸同源性较高,达到92.6%-95.4%,CHS蛋白亚家族中的特征性保守位点在这三条序列中都能找到,生物信息学分析结果显示CsCHS1、CsCHS2和CsCHS3三者蛋白质结构高度相似。CsCHS1编码区序列中共发现71个SNP位点,SNP出现频率为1SNP/16.48 bp,无Indel,基因核苷酸多样性（π）值为0.01088;CsCHS2编码区序列中共发现55个SNP位点,SNP出现频率分别为1SNP/21.27 bp,CsCHS2核苷酸多样性（π）值（0.00530）明显低于CsCHS1;因扩增CsCHS3 cDNA序列的PCR反应成功率低,未对该基因遗传多样性进行分析。通过关联分析分别从CsCHS1和CsCHS2中找到2个和4个与茶叶多酚含量相关的SNP位点。【结论】CsCHS1和CsCHS3属于保守型CHS基因,且CsCHS1、CsCHS2和CsCHS3蛋白质结构高度相似,推测三者可能在茶树的不同部位或不同生长阶段发挥类似作用;CsCHS1和CsCHS2活跃,二者编码区内可能存在突变热点区。     

辣椒不育系和保持系线粒体差异基因获得及SNP分析

通过对辣椒细胞质雄性不育(CMS)系及其相应保持系育性相关基因的分析,检寻SNP位点,旨在探索其与辣椒细胞质雄性不育性的关系。以高盐-蛋白酶K法提取线粒体DNA,采用AFLP技术分析了辣椒不育系和保持系的mtDNA的差异,从128对引物扩增产物中发现了不育系和保持系的差异片段,经回收、克隆获得不育系特异片段CanLE长度140 bp,保持系特异片段CanLB长度126 bp。利用Blast对其进行序列比对分析,其中CanLE与细胞色素P450家族蛋白同源,CanLB和赖氨酰-tRNA合成酶同源。进一步分别克隆并获得了不育系和保持系辣椒细胞色素P450全长,序列分析发现,两者存在单核苷酸多态性(SNP),其中5个碱基差异,3个为同义突变,2个氨基酸发生改变。     

日本落叶松杂种及亲本 4CL基因的克隆和SNP多态性分析

以日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)不同杂交组合为材料,依据转录组测序信息,成功获得了11种日本落叶松材料的4 CL基因的编码区序列,该序列长1 537 bp,包含完整ORF片段1 368 bp,编码455个氨基酸。qRT-PCR结果分析表明,除日本落叶松Larix16×Larix61组合外,Larix82×Larix13、Larix40×Larix10和Larix82×Larix61子代的表达均高于双亲,推测4 CL基因差异表达与落叶松杂种的木质素生物合成有关。进一步采用SNP标记方法和DNAMAN软件对不同日本落叶松杂种和亲本组合的单核苷酸多态性进行分析。共检测到66个SNP多态性位点,表明日本落叶松4CL 具有丰富的遗传多样性。66个SNP变异中,属于三突变1个;转换类型45个,占总变异的68.18%;20个属于颠换类型,占总变异的30.30%,转换:颠换=9:4。在转换类型中,A/G和C/T转换分别占28.79%和39.39%;颠换类型中A/C、A/T、G/C、G/T分别占4.55%、9.09%、9.09%和7.58%。采用NJ 聚类法对克隆片段的氨基酸序列进行了遗传多样性分析。     

Relationship of Icelandic cattle with Northern and Western European cattle breeds,admixture and population structure

ABSTRACT

Icelandic cattle is believed to have been brought from Norway during the settlement of Iceland around AD 870-930. Previous research on genetic relationships has indicated that Icelandic cattle is most related to northern Nordic indigenous breeds. Using single nucleotide polymorphism genotype data from Icelandic cattle and 29 Northern and Western European cattle breeds, we studied relationships and admixture among these breeds, and assessed population structure in Icelandic cattle. Population structure analysis through principal component analysis, estimation of ancestry, and analysis of patterns of population splitting and mixing revealed that Icelandic cattle are most related to three Finncattle breeds (Eastern, Northern and Western Finncattle), and Swedish Mountain cattle. Icelandic cattle has very low levels of admixture. We observed very limited population structure in Icelandic cattle. The observed structure was due to variable sire contributions. Over 1000 years of almost complete isolation has made Icelandic cattle highly genetically distinct from other cattle breeds.     

稻瘟病抗性基因Pi25特异性CAPS标记的开发与验证

为在水稻育种中快速与高效利用稻瘟病抗性基因Pi25, 本文利用该基因不同等位基因编码区序列差异开发了4套CAPS标记(CAP1/Hinc II、CAP3/Bgl II、CAP3/Nde I和CAP3/Hpy 99I), 并利用169份稻种资源、98个重组自交系(RIL)以及217个水稻转基因后代, 对4套标记的准确性和选择效果进行了验证。结果表明, 4套标记均能准确地检测Pi25/pi25座位。其中, 标记CAP1/Hinc II和CAP3/Hpy 99I特异性识别并酶切显性等位基因, 而标记CAP3/Bgl II和CAP3/Nde I特异性识别并酶切隐性等位基因。利用稻瘟病菌株JS001-20接种RIL与转基因材料, 抗性表现与标记检测的结果完全一致, 表明该CAPS标记准确可靠。分析稻种资源后发现, Pi25基因频率较低(1.2%), 说明该基因在我国水稻稻瘟病抗性育种中还没有被充分利用。本文的研究结果特别是开发的2对识别并酶切显性等位基因的CAPS标记可用于分子标记辅助选择, 改良我国早籼稻的稻瘟病抗性。     

CAPN1基因遗传变异及其对牛肉质性状的效应分析

[目的]探索钙蛋白酶1 (CAPN1)基因在中国黄牛不同群体中的变异,以及CAPN1基因作为影响牛肉质性状候选基因的可能性,寻找与牛肉质性状相关的分子标记.[方法]采用PCR-SSCP技术对雷琼牛、云南高峰牛,BMY牛与中国西门塔尔牛共367个个体CAPNl基因Exonll-Exon16与Intron21遗传变异检测,运用SPSS17.0软件中的GLM模型分析检测到的遗传变异与中国西门塔尔牛部分肉质性状的关联性.[结果]发现了CAPN1基因DNA序列中的两个突变位点A4558G和C4684T,分别检测到AA/AG/GG和CC/CT/TT 3种基因型.相关分析表明,A4558G位点GG基因型个体剪切力和大理石花纹评分显著低于AG和从型个体(P<0.05);C4684T位点TT基因型个体剪切力显著低于CT型个体(P<0.05).组合基因型分析表明,GGTT组合剪切力显著低于CCAA、CTAG和CTAA(P<0.05),大理石花纹评分显著低于其它基因型组合(P<0.05),脂肪颜色评分显著高于AGTT(JP<0.05),其余指标间无显著差异(P<0.05).[结论]初步推测CAPNI基因A4558G和C4684T的位点,可以作为牛肉嫩度和大理石花纹评分的遗传标记.     

Familial Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Pomeranian Dogs Caused by a Missense Variant in the NADH‐Cytochrome B5 Reductase Gene

Background

In veterinary medicine, congenital methemoglobinemia associated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) deficiency is rare. It has been reported in several breeds of dogs, but little information is available about its etiology.

Objectives

To analyze the NADH‐cytochrome b5 reductase gene, CYB5R3, in a Pomeranian dog family with methemoglobinemia suspected to be caused by congenital b5R deficiency.

Animals

Three Pomeranian dogs from a family with methemoglobinemia were analyzed. Five healthy beagles and 5 nonrelated Pomeranian dogs without methemoglobinemia were used as controls.

Methods

Methemoglobin concentration, b5R activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration were measured, and a turbidity index was used to evaluate Heinz body formation. The CYB5R3 genes of the affected dog and healthy dogs were analyzed by direct sequencing.

Results

Methemoglobin concentrations in erythrocytes of the affected dogs were remarkably higher than those of the control dogs. The b5R activity of the affected dogs was notably lower than that of the control dogs. DNA sequencing indicated that this Pomeranian family carried a CYB5R3 gene missense variant (ATC→CTC at codon 194) that resulted in the replacement of isoleucine (Ile) by leucine (Leu).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This dog family had familial congenital methemoglobinemia caused by b5R deficiency, which resulted from a nonsynonymous variant in the CYB5R3 gene. This variation (c.580A>C) led to an amino acid substitution (p.Ile194Leu), and Ile194 was located in the proximal region of the NADH‐binding motif. Our data suggested that this variant in the canine CYB5R3 gene would affect function of the b5R in erythrocytes.     

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Barley Cultivars Reveals Incongruence Between S-SAP,SNP and Pedigree Data

Accurate assessment of genetic similarity is important for plant breeding, germplasm enhancement and conservation of plant genetic resources. A comparative analysis of genome diversity among a group of six-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars was carried out using sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), with the results compared to the kinship coefficients derived from the pedigree data. Mean pair-wise GS values were estimated to be 0.0957 ± 0.144 (Kinship), 0.491 ± 0.189 (SNPs), and 0.602 ± 0.098 (S-SAPs). S-SAP and SNP-based genetic similarity (GS) values were normally distributed but kinship values had a non-normal and skewed distribution. Pair-wise correlation of GS values were lowest for the S-SAP and the SNP matrices (r =; 0.040, p<0.230) and highest for the SNP and pedigree matrices (r =; 0.240, p < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) attributed about 90.4% of observed variation to the cultivars within each of the malting and feed groups. Variance component between malting and feed groups was 6.6% for both SNP and S-SAP data suggesting lack of a significant genetic differentiation along this agronomic division. The remaining 3% of variation was attributed to genetic diversity within cultivars. Although both DNA-based marker systems were able to differentiate all barley cultivars, significant difference were observed in the pattern of genetic relationships obtained by the two marker systems and the pedigree data.