漆酶处理对未漂硫酸盐浆抗张强度和纤维表面的影响

探讨了漆酶处理对未漂硫酸盐浆抗张强度的影响,研究了漆酶处理的主要工艺参数对纸页湿抗张强度的影响;并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对漆酶处理前后纤维表面微细结构的变化进行了研究。结果表明,漆酶可以改善纸浆的湿抗张强度,但对于抗张强度不起作用;提高纸浆湿强度的最佳酶促反应条件为:酶用量16U(以每克绝干浆计),温度45℃,pH值4.5,处理时间2h。扫描电镜分析表明,漆酶处理使得纤维表面变得粗糙,纤维之间产生了黏结性,湿强度得以提高。     

玉米小斑病菌生理小种扫描电镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜观察玉米小斑病致病真菌T、C与O三个生理小种孢子和菌丝的表面结构,发现在生理小种间,孢子、菌丝的大小,表面形态结构,产孢量等存在着某些差异.     

密斯蒂蓝莓花粉形态及授粉亲和性观察

摘要：以密斯蒂蓝莓为试材,进行花粉粒电镜扫描及自花授粉和异花授粉试验,观察花粉管萌发及生长动态荧光显微,调查不同授粉方式的坐果率,测定果实品质。结果表明,密斯蒂花粉形态均为四合花粉,呈四面体排列,近似圆角三角形,极轴*赤道轴为28.5*26.02μm;荧光显微观察发现自花授粉和异花授粉8h花粉开始在柱头萌发,14h有大量花粉萌发,花粉管进入花柱;24h花粉管进到花柱底部;48h花粉管进入胚珠,到达胚囊,完成双受精,自花授粉和异花授粉均有较好的亲和性;密斯蒂异花授粉坐果率最高,两种授粉方式果实品质无显著差异。     

吉林省接骨木属花粉形态的初步研究

本文借助于光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对吉林省接骨木属(SambucusLinn)的6种花粉进行了观察和照相,并对它们进行了统计学上的光学测量,详细描述了接骨木属及下属6种花粉形态,编制了分种花粉检索表,从而为接骨木属的分类提供了孢粉学方面的资料。     

氨基脲人工抗原的合成及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的合成氨基脲人工抗原并制备其多克隆抗体。方法以氨基脲(SEM)和对醛基苯甲酸(CP)为原料合成半抗原(CP-SEM),并采用碳化二亚胺法和混合酸酐法将其分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成氨基脲人工抗原。以氨基脲人工抗原(CPSEM-BSA)为免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,利用间接ELISA法测定其抗体效价。结果经薄层层析、红外光谱和元素分析等方法鉴定合成半抗原即为CP-SEM。紫外扫描、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明人工抗原合成成功。免疫获得抗氨基脲的多克隆抗体,其抗体效价为1:64000。结论氨基脲人工抗原合成成功,并获得抗氨基脲的多克隆抗体。     

压榨对烟草薄片纸基性能的影响

采用造纸法对烟梗和烟末制烟草薄片纸基进行了实验研究,探讨了压榨对烟草薄片纸基性能的影响。结果表明,压榨压力从0 MPa上升至0.4 MPa,薄片纸基的抗张指数由17.27 N.m/g逐渐增加到23.69 N.m/g,撕裂指数由2.00 mN.m2/g下降至1.69 mN.m2/g,松厚度从2.43 cm3/g下降到1.80 cm3/g,紧度由0.41 g/cm3上升0.56 g/cm3,薄片纸基的透气度由1.20μm/(Pa.s)下降到0.04μm/(Pa.s),薄片纸基的填充值由7.23 cm3/g逐渐下降到6.08 cm3/g。随着压榨压力的增加,润湿性Max值(tW,max)和特征值(t95)呈相近变化规律,压榨压力为0 MPa时,tW,max值最小(0.097 s),t95值最小(0.442 s),烟草薄片纸基具有较好的渗透性能和较开放的表面结构。扫描电镜分析结果表明,在低压榨压力(<0.2 MPa)条件下,能够显著提高薄片纸基内部的孔隙率,有利于改善薄片纸基的填充值和透气度,并且可以提高薄片纸基的渗透性能。     

网箱养殖条件下呋喃西林代谢物SEM在斑点叉尾鮰体内组织分布及消除规律研究

采用高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-ESI/MS/MS)法分析呋喃西林主要代谢物氨基脲(SEM)在斑点叉尾鮰体内的组织分布与消除规律.结果表明:在停药1 h后,血液和肾脏中的SEM浓度达最大值,分别为(37.5±7.45)ng·mL-1和(383.3±89.20)μg·kg-1;在停药2 h后,肌肉、皮肤、肝脏中的SEM达到最大值,其浓度分别为(33.3±8.25)、(168.2±43.47)和(105.0±48.40)μg·kg-1;在480 h时,肌肉中的SEM浓度是其残留判定值(1μg·kg-1)的1.1倍;在1080 h时,血液、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏中的SEM分别是其残留判定值(1μg·kg-1)的1.17倍、8.75倍、1.0倍和5.47倍;在1440 h(60 d)时,血液、肌肉和皮肤中的SEM平均浓度分别为(0.57±0.25)ng·mL-1、(0.28±0.03)和(0.83±0.24)μg·kg-1,而在肝脏和肾脏中,未检测出SEM;在2160 h(90 d)时,血液和各组织中均未检测出SEM.SEM在血液和各组织中消除半衰期T1/2为血液(11.11 d)>皮肤(9.02 d)>肌肉(8.25 d)>肾脏(7.40 d)>肝脏(6.71 d).皮肤中SEM浓度高于肌肉组织,而且残留时间长.整个实验期间平均水温为28℃,在斑点叉尾鮰苗种各组织中,消除SEM至少需要2520℃.d.     

Indicative properties of fly‐ash affected forest soils in Northeastern Germany

Many forest ecosystems in Germany are strongly influenced by emissions of pollutants like SO₂ and alkaline dusts. To quantify and evaluate the consequences of long‐term fly ash deposition on forest soils, a study was conducted in pine stands (Pinus sylvestris) in the Dübener Heide in Northeastern Germany. This forest area has been influenced mainly by emissions from coal‐fired power plants and the chemical industry of the industrial region Bitterfeld‐Wolfen‐Zschornewitz since the early 1900. The study sites are located along a fly ash deposition gradient of 8, 16, 14, 18, and 25 km away from the main emission source in Bitterfeld (sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Samples of the organic horizons (Oi, Oe, and Oa) and mineral topsoil (0—10 cm) were taken in fall 1998 and analyzed for their ferromagnetic susceptibility and total ash content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) were performed on selected samples to differentiate between the pedogenic and atmospheric origin of the mineral components in the organic horizons. As a result of the long‐term deposition, ferromagnetic fly ash components are mainly accumulated in the Oe and Oa horizons of the forest soils studied. Ferromagnetic susceptibility was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the Oe horizon of sites 1 and 2 compared to sites 3, 4, and 5. Unusually high total ash contents for organic horizons of > 74 % were determined in the Oa at all sites. SEM revealed 3 distinct features of persistent fly ash deposits from coal‐fired power plants within the organic horizons that can be defined as ”︁stable glasses” with magnetic properties, aluminum‐silicate‐minerals, and slag fragments. SEM and EDX indicated that a great portion of the mineral particles found in the organic horizons of forests soils influenced by fly ash are from atmospheric sources. For detection of atmospheric lignite‐derived deposition into forest soils, the Oe and Oa horizons have to be considered as specific diagnostic horizons because they show indicative properties for such soils.     

不同产量水平小麦叶片表面超微结构初探

利用扫描电镜 (SEM)技术 ,观察了 3个产量水平的小麦叶片的表面形态。结果表明 :品种间叶片的叶纹差异显著 ;品种间小麦叶片上表面瓦楞状结构起伏差异明显 ,瓦楞状结构的起伏程度与叶片的光合面积和产量相关 ;品种间上下表面气孔数目和长细胞宽度差异显著。     

大宗农产品市场竞争力的影响因素研究——基于对重庆市“两翼”地区的调研

采用结构方程模型分析技术,对影响重庆市大宗农产品市场竞争力的各要素进行了系统分析。结果表明,生态环境对市场竞争力的直接影响不显著;政策扶持、农户因素、生产条件、农业科技、生产能力等因素对农产品市场竞争力有不同程度的影响,体现出了直接和间接的影响,其作用路径和方式也不尽相同。