云南小麦品种（系）锈病和赤霉病抗性功能基因的KASP标记检测

利用5个锈病成株期抗性基因的KASP标记Sr2_ger9 3p、Lr34jagger、CSTM4_67G、Lr68-2、VPM_SNP和抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的KASP标记TaHRC-KASP,对云南省育成的42个小麦品种（系）进行检测,旨在筛选出含有目标基因的优异小麦种质,为云南省持久抗病小麦新品种（系）的选育提供材料。结果表明,4个材料含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr34/Yr18/Sr57,频率为9.52%;6个品种（系）含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Lr67/Yr46/Sr55,频率为14.29%;7个材料含抗慢叶锈病基因Lr68,频率为16.67%;含兼抗型成株抗锈病基因Sr2/Yr30和成株抗叶锈基因Lr37的材料各有1个,频率均为2.38%;未检测出含抗赤霉病基因Fhb1的品种（系）。云麦69、云麦75、云麦56、宜麦1号和宜麦3号等兼有2个成株期抗锈病基因,可作为今后云南持久抗锈病育种的抗源材料。     

小麦新抗源抗锈性评价和SSR位点遗传多样性

为了解小麦条锈病新抗源兴资9104、品冬34、秦农142、彬旱355的抗病性及遗传基础,对其苗期和成株期分别进行抗条锈性鉴定,并以小麦全基因组SSR标记为工具分析了新抗源与四个感病材料(Avocet S、铭贤169、790-149-34、中国春)间的遗传多样性。结果表明,兴资9104、品冬34、秦农142、彬旱355对当前条锈病流行小种具有全生育期或成株期抗性; 在975个SSR多态性位点共有3 390个等位性变异,每个位点平均等位变异3.48;全基因组和A、B、D基因组范围聚类结果基本一致,8个材料可分成三类,其中品冬34遗传背景与其他材料差异较大;随机抽取部分标记进行标记数量累加聚类,标记数量愈多,聚类结果愈稳定可靠。     

小麦抗源南农790成株期抗条锈性遗传分析与分子作图

为明确小麦抗锈种质南农790条锈病抗性特征和抗病遗传规律,以5个条锈菌生理小种CYR23、CYR29、CYR31、CYR32和CYR33对其进行苗期抗谱鉴定,并以CYR32和CYR33混合小种对南农790、Avocet S及南农790与Avocet S正交所获得的F1代、F2代和F2∶3群体进行混合小种成株期抗条锈性鉴定及遗传分析。抗病鉴定结果显示,南农790苗期对CYR32和CYR33表现为中度感病(IT:6~7),对其余小种表现为抗病(IT≤2),成株期对混合小种表现为近免疫(IT≤2,S≤5%),表明南农790具有成株期抗条锈性;各世代抗病遗传分析结果表明,其成株期抗病性由一个显性单基因控制,暂命名为YrNan;采用集群分离分析法(BSA),以SSR分子标记对F2代分离群体进行分子作图,发现了6个与YrNan连锁的SSR标记(Xgwm11,Xbarc187,Xbarc181,Xgwm273,Xwmc419和Xwmc216),并将其定位于小麦的1BL染色体,两侧最近的标记分别为Xbarc181(1.3cM)和Xgwm273(6.3cM)。研究结果为南农790抗条锈病基因的分子标记辅助选择及在育种上的应用提供了依据。     

玉米抗南方型锈病基因共分离分子标记的研究

本文以玉米(Zea mays L.)抗南方型锈病自交系P₂₅和感病自交系F₃₄₉的F₁与F₃₄₉回交,并连续回交所得BC₅代的F₃₄₉抗病近等基因系（nearly isogenic lines,NILs）为材料,以RGA（resistance gene analogs）的方法,在抗病自交系中克隆出一条321 bp的特异性DNA条带。根据序列比对的结果,设计出新的引物作为分子标记,在96株BC₇、BC₄F₅NILs及其亲本和杂种F₁群体上进行鉴定,其中94株的田间抗感结果与分子检测结果一致,选择的有效率达97.9%。此标记扩增效果清晰,可重复性强,在抗玉米南方型锈病的分子标记辅助育种研究中有应用价值。     

我国小麦条锈病防治研究的进展

本文概括了以下四个方面的进展：⑴揭示了我国小麦条锈病菌的越夏、越冬和春季流行规律,提出一套行之有效的测报方法,提供了重大的防锈原则和综合治理方案。⑵研究出一套适合我国应用的小麦条锈菌生理小种鉴别寄主,查明了小种逐年变化动态及其与品种抗性丧失的原因,大大提高了抗条锈育种和品种利用的针对性和预见性。⑶全国鉴定抗条锈性或感的材料约300000份。成株混合菌种鉴定法发展为多小种分别鉴定法和多抗性鉴定法,开拓了品种抗性资源。⑷敌锈纳等在60–70年代防治条锈病起了显著作用;用粉锈宁拌种1次控制条锈病流行的技术已在大面积上推广。文内还讨论了今后如何加强小麦条锈病防治规划和基础研究,藉以提高综合治理水平。     

Does <Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia hemerocallidis</Emphasis> regularly host-alternate between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hemerocallis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Patrinia</Emphasis> plants in Japan?

Daylily rust fungus, Puccinia hemerocallidis, was proven to host-alternate between a wild daylily, Hemerocallis fulva var. longituba, and a patrinia, Patrinia villosa. No proof was obtained for the early belief that the fungus is pathogenic to plantainlilies, Hosta species, in addition to daylilies, Hemerocallis species. The fungus seems to alternate regularly between daylilies and patrinias in Japan because most daylily species are deciduous, and a vegetatively reproducing stage of the pathogen does not seem capable of successfully overwintering free of the living host tissue.     

Disease Tolerance in Helianthus petiolaris : A Genetic Resource for Sunflower Breeding

Abstract

Argentina is a major sunflower producer in the world, with crop acreage of 2?2.7 million ha in the last four years. Sunflower crop yield is often influenced by sanitary constraints, mainly fungal pathogens. Helianthus petiolaris is a wild species native to North America established in central Argentina displays a high tolerance to a number of fungal diseases and insects. Controlled crosses of this species with sunflower demonstrated that H. petiolaris constitutes a valuable genetic variability source for sunflower breeding to improve tolerance to rust (Puccinia helianthi), white rust (Albugo tragopogonis), verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), powdery mildew (Erisiphe sp.) and the sunflower moth (Rachiplusia nu). This places H. petiolaris in an outstanding position as a genetic resource since different important traits could be transferred to the crop through interspecific hybridization.     

Rust control and EBDC residues in green beans sprayed with mancozeb and sulphur

Rust control and ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) residues in green beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Morgan') were evaluated in two seasons of 1993 in Dschang, Cameroon. Four weekly applications of mancozeb (2.8 kg ha- 1), sulphur (2.24 kg ha- 1), or mancozeb+sulphur (1.4+1.12 kg ha- 1) were initiated from initial rust symptoms. In both seasons, treatments with mancozeb alone resulted in a low area under pustule count progress curve (AUPPC) and a significant increase in leaf area index, and pod and green fodder yields. Pod yields were negatively correlated with AUPPC. Pod yield loss was estimated at 61% and 32% in the early and late seasons, respectively, while losses in green fodder yields were 57% and 24% respectively. EBDC residue levels decreased significantly with a delay in pod harvestand when pods were washed in running tap water. Residue levels were high in the late season, possibly due to low rainfall. Pods exposed to the combined fungicidal treatments accumulated higher levels of residues than those sprayed with mancozeb alone, suggesting a potential risk of EBDC accumulation on pods when EBDCs are mixed with sulphur.     

Cloning and characterization of gene-resistant analogs (RGAs) involved in rust (Puccinia psidii) resistance in Eucalyptus grandis

Disease-resistant genes play an important role in defending against a variety of pathogens and insect pests in plants. Most of the disease-resistant genes encode pro-teins with conserved leucine rich r...     

菜豆抗锈育种的抗源筛选和抗病基因分析

通过对国内外引进的162个品种的田间自然发病调查和苗期接种鉴定,筛选出抗病型品种37个,中抗型21个,中感型60个,感病型44个.抗锈型品种中大多数是从国外引进且多属于矮生类型,其中少数矮生品种可直接用于生产,其余品种虽园艺性状不佳、但仍可作为蔓生菜豆育种的抗源亲本.抗病基因分析结果表明,抗锈性受一对基因控制且为显性.F_2代抗与感分离,经x~2测定完全符合3:1比例.本文对抗锈育种目标、苗期接种鉴定方法及用纯系小种作基因分析等进行了讨论.