甜菜丛根病综合防治技术研究Ⅱ.综合防治技术示范

对３个引进品种在不同病害程度条件下示范试验结果表明,在重病绝产地,平均根产量达６７ｔ／ｈｍ＾２,增产３７％～４７０％,Ｂｅｔａ４０３５和Ｂｅｔａ４７７６的含糖率高达１７％以上;在中度病田,平均根产量为８０．９ｔ／ｈｍ＾２,增产２１０％～２６０％,含糖平均在１５．１％;在轻病地,平均根产量高达８７．９ｔ／ｈｍ＾２,增产１５３％～１６０％,含粮率平均为１５．２％。真实地反映了这项综合防治技术的可行性和引进品种的适应性及稳定性,展示了良好的应用前景。     

Differential abundance of proteins in response to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus during compatible and incompatible interactions in sugar beet containing Rz1 or Rz2

Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is an important disease affecting sugar beet. Control is achieved through planting of resistant varieties; however, following the introduction of Rz1, new pathotypes that overcome resistance have appeared. To understand how BNYVV overcomes resistance, we examined quantitative protein differences during compatible and incompatible interactions when sugar beet is infected with either a traditional A-type strain or with an Rz1 resistance breaking strain. Proteomic data suggest distinct biochemical pathways are induced during compatible and incompatible sugar beet interactions with BNYVV. Pathways including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, UB/proteasome, and photosynthesis should be studied in more depth to characterize roles in symptom development.     

抗丛根病甜菜新品种宁甜双优2号的选育

甜菜抗丛根病新品种宁甜双优2号属遗传双胚型雄不育杂优品种。该品种在丛根病区种植不仅抗丛根病、褐斑病性能强。而且根产量、含糖率高，接近或达到无丛根病感染地的生产水平。1998、1999年参加5点次生产示范，平均块根产量53964．0kg/hm^2，比对照增产4．67％；平均含糖率达15．35％，比对照提高0．93度；平均产糖量8286．3kg/hm^2，比对照增产11．37％。     

耐丛根病单粒型甜菜雄不育Nm101A、B系的选育

Ｎｍ１０１Ａ、Ｂ系是采用高代单粒自交系与单粒不育系，在感染了丛根病毒土壤环境条件下，育成的１对轻耐丛根病的单粒型雄性不育系，经过选育过程中的表现型遣传分析，初步证明耐丛根病性状是由１对显性基因所控制；Ｎｍ１０１Ａ、Ｂ系在自交亲和基因的利用上也提供了成功的范例，是集单粒雄性不育性、耐丛根病性、抗窖腐病性及含自交亲和基因为一体的１对十分珍贵的基础材料．     

甜菜抗丛根病新品种内甜抗202的选育

内甜抗202（原名内101）是多胚型二倍体抗丛根病杂交种。父母本按1：3比例自然杂交而成。该品种在内蒙古自治区甜菜品种抗病区域试验中。平均块根产量40954．5kg／hm^2．比对照品种甜研303提高81．07％;含糖率16.38％。比对照品种提高2．05度;产糖量6729kg／hm^2,比对照品种提高109．4％,丛根病病情指数0．13,比对照品种降低0．22。在内蒙古自治区甜菜品种普通组生产试验中．块根产量和产糖量分别比对照提高48．71％和47．81％。含糖率比对照降低0．10度;该品种达到丰产型品种标准。在内蒙古自治区甜菜品种抗病组生产试验中,块根产量、含糖率、产糖量分刺比对照提高156％、1．39度、181．25％,丛根病病情指数比对照降低0.48．达到丰产、抗丛根病型品种标准。     

Susceptibility and resistance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beta vulgaris</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">maritima</Emphasis> to foliar rub-inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</Emphasis>

Four lines (designated MR0, MR1, MR2, and M8) from 13 accessions of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima were selected on the basis of phenotypes produced after foliar rub-inoculation with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). The susceptible phenotype developed bright yellow local lesions, whereas the resistant phenotype had symptoms ranging from no visible lesions to necrotic lesions at the inoculation site. MR1 and MR2 lines had a resistant phenotype depending on the isolate and the MR0 line was susceptible to all isolates of BNYVV tested. The M8 line was highly susceptible; the virus spread systemically and caused severe stunting. These plant lines will be useful for distinguishing BNYVV isolates having different pathogenicities, especially those controlled by RNA3 and/or RNA5.     

甜菜新品种新甜18号的选育

新甜18号是石河子甜菜研究所选育的抗丛根病二倍体雄性不育多粒型杂交种,在2006-2007年新疆维吾尔自治区甜菜品种区域试验中．两年14个点次的块根产量平均为82156．5kg／hm2,比对照KWS2409增产3．99％,含糖率平均15．21％,比对照低0．09度,产糖量平均12745．5kg／hm2,比对照增糖4．3％。在丛根病抗性鉴定中,两年平均块根产量为102182．3kg／hm2．比对照KWS2409增产33．92％,含糖率15．10％,比对照低0．08度,产糖量平均18475．5kg／hm2,较对照增糖35．0％。该品种丰产性能稳定,抗病性强,适应范围广。     

抗（耐）丛根病两个甜菜新品种的选育

宁甜单优１号和宁甜双优１号杂优品种系以抗（耐）丛根病为选育目标，经１９９３、１９９４年在宁夏、甘肃、内蒙三省（区）病地、非病地广泛设点试验、示范育成。宁甜单优１号在病地产量平均为３５９１．４ｋｇ／亩，平均含糖１３．９１％，产糖量５００．３ｋｇ／亩，根产量、含糖率与产糖量分别比当地对照种提高２０７．５％、２．３７度与２７６．９５％；宁甜双优１号在病地平均根产量为３０３１．１ｋｇ／亩，平均含糖１３．６１％，产糖量４１４．１ｋｇ／亩，比当地对照种根产量、含糖率与产糖量分别增加１５９．５％、２．０７度与２１２．０２％。在非（轻）病地两品种分别比当地对照品种增产３７．７％、１２．８８％，含糖均比对照提高１．０度，适应性广泛，现已在宁夏、甘肃、内蒙等省区推广种植。     

甜菜抗(耐)丛根病生理基础研究进展与展望

从形态结构、光合作用、物质代谢规律、氨基酸代谢、矿质营养、酶系保护、激素调控、酚类物质等方面,阐述了国内外甜菜抗丛根病生理基础的研究进展,为进一步开展研究提供参考。     

甜菜抗丛根病机理初步研究

研究结果表明,甜菜抗丛根病类型品种与感病类型品种在叶片厚度,气孔数目,气孔大小,叶片表皮细胞面积,栅栏细胞面积,海绵细胞面积的差异均未达到显著水平,变异系数大,与甜菜抗丛根病特性设计相关性;在叶片气孔指数,叶绿素含量,根木栓化细胞层厚度,根细胞膨压,根还原糖,根长度的差异上达到极显著水平和显著水平,与甜菜抗丛根特性密切相关,初步认为,抗病品种具有叶绿素,叶片还原糖高,气孔指数大,根细胞膨压高,根还