湿地松优良半同胞家系蛋白质及糖类对水分胁迫的生理响应

为研究湿地松优良半同胞家系蛋白质及糖类对水分逆境的生理响应，采用盆栽试验和吸光度测定结合的方法，以湿地松普通种子为对照（CK），测定了七个湿地松半同胞家系在正常水分状态（土壤相对含水量为70%）、弱度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为55%~60%）、中度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为35%~40%）和强度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为20%~25%）条件下的可溶性蛋白质、还原性糖、可溶性糖的含量，研究结果表明：无论是不同水分梯度还是不同家系水平，蛋白质、还原性糖、可溶性糖含量的差异均达极显著性水平。随着水分胁迫程度的加剧，各家系蛋白质含量呈先升后降的趋势，在水分胁迫初期，各家系蛋白质含量增加，水分胁迫中、后期各家系蛋白含量呈直线下降；随着水分胁迫的加剧，各家系还原性糖、可溶性糖含量呈直线上升。家系1027、101、464在水分胁迫条件下具有较高的可溶性糖含量，其抗旱性较其它家系要强，是这三个家系速生、高产的生理原因之一。     

降低车用柴油机排放的新技术

分析了柴油机排放及其危害,阐明了通过采用新结构和新技术可以有效控制柴油机的排放,为降低车用柴油机排放提供了可靠的理论依据。     

含糖类物料的喷雾干燥

从玻璃态转变温度着手,分析了在喷雾干燥中含有不同品种糖类物料粘壁的原因,提出了改性或在设计干燥流程时的6种应对方法。     

减量施肥对水稻生长及氮素利用率的影响

通过在不同肥力水平土壤上设置不同幅度的氮肥减量试验,研究其对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响,为巢湖流域坡岗地区氮肥的减量施用提供依据。结果表明:在巢湖流域坡岗地区中高肥力水平土壤上减少30%的常规施氮量、中低肥力水平土壤减少10%的常规施氮量,虽然单位面积有效穗数下降,但水稻结实率、每穗粒数和千粒重明显增加,不会造成水稻显著减产。两种肥力水平土壤上,氮素收获指数均以常规施氮量处理最低,减量施肥、分期施氮可以促进氮素从茎、叶、根部向谷粒的转移;减量施肥,中高肥力土壤上氮素回收率提高9.99～16.52个百分点,中低肥力水平土壤上提高6.0～12.15个百分点。     

苜蓿不同部位提取液的体外抗氧化活性研究

为了对苜蓿的精深综合利用,研究了苜蓿不同部位提取液的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,苜蓿的还原力、清除·OH能力和清除O2-·能力,均表现出成熟种子>花序>未熟种子>叶片>幼茎的规律,且随着提取液浓度的增加而提高。在提取液浓度为10g/100mL时,苜蓿成熟种子对·OH的清除率可达85.4%,而对O2-·的清除率为65.8%,分别是幼茎清除率的1.79倍和1.64倍。     

对蜂蜜中主要抗褐变因子的探讨

选用ＡＧ５０Ｗ－Ｘ８阳离子交换树脂，并以批处理的方式，成功地将蜂蜜中的肽类物质与其它组合得到了分离。抗褐变实验结果清楚地表明，蜂蜜中的肽类成分完全没有抑制褐变的活性。这与以前的报道截然不同。     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

太湖地区黄泥土氮肥对水稻产量、叶片碳氮同化及不同土层氮的影响

在长期定位试验的基础上研究了太湖地区黄泥土不同施氮水平对水稻产量、碳氮同化及不同土层氮的影响。结果表明，长期施氮量（N）在161．0kg hm^-2处理和高于该施氮量处理的产量之间没有显著差异。拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆期施氮量在161．0kg hm^-2处理和高于该施氮量处理的碳氮同化水平之间几乎没有差异，但都高于施氮量在57．5kg hm^-2处理的。不同土层氮分布结果表明，长期施氮量在161．0kg hm^-2和高于该施氮量各处理中，长期施入有机肥配施NPK肥处理残留最深，其次是长期施入化肥N的处理，长期秸秆还田配施N肥处理较浅。     

山东苹果中可溶性糖,有机酸的研究

本文报导了用高效液相色谱法连续两年测定山东主要栽培苹果总糖含量为８．９２％－１２．５６％。其中果糖含量为５．４４％，葡萄糖含量为２．８２％，蔗糖含量为１．９５％，决定品种差异的糖类为蔗糖，有机酸含量为０．７６％－０．９３％，其中苹果酸约占总酸８４％，其余为琥珀酸、草酸、酒石酸、乙酸、柠檬酸。研究了气候、土壤条件、肥料对糖酸的影响，并根据测定结果提出鉴定苹果品系可用果糖／蔗糖或葡萄糖／蔗糖，果实品质     

甘蔗蔗汁锤度和还原糖分傅立叶变换近红外定量分析数学模型

以傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术为基础，采用透射测定方式和PLS算法，建立蔗汁锤度和还原糖分定量分析数学模型．蔗汁锤度和还原糖分预测数学模型的决定系数(R^2)分别为0．9990和0．9953，均方根差分别为0．1150％和0．0722％，预测误差接近常规分析方法的误差．