利用GGE双标图分析花生品质性状的基因型-环境互作

花生品质性状的稳定性和基因型-环境互作研究，可为花生品质育种及不同生态区域花生品种的选择提供参考依据。本研究利用GGE-biplot工具，对我国黄淮海花生主产区16个花生品种两年间的品质性状进行了综合分析，包括含油量、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和蛋白质含量等。结果显示，5个品质性状均有较高的GGE总变异值（主成分因素PC1和PC2变异的总和），变幅在61.5%-79.9%之间，以含油量的GGE变异值最低，为61.5%，油酸含量的GGE变异值最高，为79.9%。16个花生品种2年间部分品质性状表现较为一致，其中濮花9519的含油量表型值波动最小，山花9号的亚油酸含量表型值波动最小，开农49是油酸含量表型值最为稳定的品种，天府23号是棕榈酸含量和蛋白质含量表型值最为稳定的品种。初步明确了徐州和濮阳分别适合高油花生和高油酸花生种植，确定了不同生态类型试点下较适合种植的品种，为花生品种推广应用提供了参考。     

Dietary Lipid Levels Affect the Growth Performance,Lipid Deposition,and Antioxidative Capacity of Juvenile Scaleless Carp,Gymnocypris przewalskii,on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

A 56‐d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, lipid deposition, and antioxidative capacity of juvenile scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii, on Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. One‐year‐old juveniles (initial weight: 15.99 ± 0.02 g) were fed practical diets with different lipid levels of 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, and 10%, respectively. Results showed that the best specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate, and total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed the diet with 7% lipid level. Fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) had significantly higher condition factor and viscerosomatic index as well as lipid in muscle, intestine, mesenteric fat tissue, and whole body. Highest level of hepatopancreas lipase and lipoprotein lipases activities as well as malondialdehyde content and the lowest level of feed intake and T‐AOC content in hepatopancreas and intestine were also observed in fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on SGR and hepatopancreas T‐AOC content, dietary lipid requirement of juvenile G. przewalskii was estimated to be 7.35 and 7.39%, respectively.     

中药对肉仔鸡脂质代谢及肉品质的影响

将120只1周龄肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组30只,前3组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别喂以含1%的3种不同中药组方的饲粮,第Ⅳ组为对照组,只喂基础日粮.试验期6周.结果(1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组血清TC、LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01);Ⅱ组血清TC、LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01),TG也下降(P＜0.05),HDL-C显著升高(P＜0.01);Ⅲ组血清LDL-C极显著下降(P＜0.01),HDL-C则显著升高(P＜0.01);试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组血清总脂都极显著下降(P＜0.01);与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组血清LDL-C、Ⅲ组TC存在显著差异(P＜0.01).(2)与对照组相比,胸肌组织中,各试验组TG极显著下降(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组TC显著下降(P＜0.05);腿肌中,各组TC显著下降(P＜0.05),TG下降极显著(P＜0.01);肝脏中各组TC、TG均极显著下降(P＜0.01);与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组肝TG差异极显著(P＜0.01);Ⅲ组胸肌TG、肝TG有显著差异性(P＜0.05).(3)7周龄末鸡体重与对照组相比,Ⅱ组差异极显著(P＜0.01),Ⅲ组差异显著(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组料肉比比对照组极显著下降(P＜0.01).(4)肌肉中的营养成分,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组腿肌中粗脂肪比对照组极显著下降(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组腿肌中粗蛋白含量显著升高(P＜0.01).结论中药组方能不同程度地调整鸡脂质代谢,提高生产性能和改善鸡肉品质.在3个不同中药组方中,综合效果Ⅱ方最优.     

两种一年生植物在替代试验中的相互竞争关系

（1）用替代试验研究了燕麦（Aneva sativa）和箭舌豌豆（Vicia sativa）在混播中的竞争相互作用。为了攻混播比例对两种植物在混播条件下的行为影响，田间试验设为5个混播总密度和5种混播比例，共了5次。（2）方差分析表明，相对总生物量（RYT）和竞争平衡指数（CBI）对总密度，混播比例和生长时间的反应敏感。总密度对RYT和CBI的影响高度显著，在大多数情况下，混播比例对RYT和CBI的影响不显著。（3）本文研究的结果表明，持续时间对RYT和CBI很强的影响，在第1次测定时，RYT值接近1而BI值接近0，这一事实表明，种间无竞争或互惠作用。而在生长旺盛期，种间竞争较为剧烈。（4）本研究结果表明，箭舌豌豆的生长严惩受到燕麦的抑制作用，这说明箭舌豌豆在与燕麦混播时表现为竞争上的弱者。     

浅谈林地资源保护管理与生态林业建设

论述了建德市林地资源保护和生态林业建设现状以及他们间的相互关系，并提出要搞好生态林业建设必须建立林地资源保护管理体系，对林地资源要实行总体规划，合理使用。     

A test for interaction between brown trout (Salmo trutta) and inanga (Galaxias maculatus) in an artificial stream

Abstract –  The interaction between brown trout ( Salmo trutta ; fork length (FL) range 255–390 mm) and inanga ( Galaxias maculatus ; FL range 55–115 mm) was tested during summer through autumn in an artificial stream consisting of a single run-riffle-pool sequence with a natural food supply. Each experimental trial lasted for 15 days, and consisted of two brown trout and 50 inanga collected fresh from a nearby stream, with each species given prior residence in four replicate tests, totalling eight trials in all. In addition, two control trials (each 10 days), with 50 inanga in each, were run. Brown trout almost exclusively occupied the pool, whereas inanga occupied all habitat types, although in different proportions, when tested with and without brown trout. The proportion of inanga in the pool was appreciably lower in the experimental trials with brown trout than in the control trials with no brown trout; prior residence had no significant effect on inanga habitat use. Mortality of inanga attributable to predation by brown trout ranged from 0 to 40% with a mean of 14.5 ± 4.7%. The results suggest that habitat use and survival of inanga populations in small streams can be adversely affected by brown trout.     

植物叶面铺展剂的复配规律Ⅰ.SDS和TX100混合水溶液体相及表面层相互作用行为

2种典型固体表面铺展剂SDS和TX100混合水溶液,无论在其表面层或在混合胶团中两组分之间均存在一定程度的相互作用,使得以廉价的SDS为主的溶液中加入少许TX100组成的复配体系表面活性提高,在植物叶面上的润湿性能改善,并从理论上计算了其相互作用参数,初步解释了实验现象,上述结果不仅对指导优良植物叶面铺展剂配方具有指导意义,也预示了潜在的实用价值.     

不同喂养条件和营养强化对大型Sou总脂及脂肪酸组成的影响

大型Sou的总脂和脂肪酸组成随食物的变化及营养强化的实施而发生显著变化。酵母组总脂为2．5％，明显高于海水小球藻组（1．65％）和有机肥组（1．5％）。经鱼油强化或海水小球藻二次培养后脂类含量明显升高。三组中酵母组的MUFA含量是高为55％。主要是C16：1ω9（23％），而PUFA最低（16．6％），其中EPA（2．7％）、DHA（0．8％）等ω3HUFA含量均很低；与酵母组相比，海水小球藻组和有机肥组的MUFA含量显著下降，PUFA含量显著升高，均为30％－33％左右，三组中海水小球藻组EPA含量最高（14％），其次是有机肥组（5．9％）和酵母组（2．7％）；有机肥组DHA含量最高，达11．7％，而酵母组和海水小球藻组DHA含量均低，仅为0．7％－0．8％。经鱼油强化后，酵母组的MUFA含量显著下降，PUFA显著升高，EPA由2．7％提高到10％左右，DHA由0．8％以7％；酵母组经海水小球藻二次培养后MUFA显著降低，PUFA相应升高，EPA由2．7％提高到9．7％，而DHA含量无变化。