不同金属离子和还原剂对落叶松松塔原花青素热稳定性影响的研究

[目的]研究落叶松松塔原花青素的热稳定性,建立原花青素变化的动力学模型。[方法]以落叶松松塔为原料,通过添加几种食品中常见的金属离子(Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe2+)和还原剂(NaHSO3),探讨了落叶松松塔中原花青素的热稳定性和降解情况。[结果]Mg2+、Zn2+或Fe2+的存在不利于原花青素的热稳定性,其降解反应活化能分别为15.01、27.88、21.60 kJ/mol,反应符合一级动力学模型(R20.744 4);NaHSO3的存在会提高原花青素的热稳定性,反应符合一级动力学模型(R20.656 3),其降解活化能为36.36 kJ/mol。并建立起几种条件下的原花青素的降解动力学模型,通过验证表明模型与实测值拟合程度好。[结论]该研究为落叶松松塔原花青素保质期和残留率的预测提供了科学依据。     

微波辅助提取苹果皮中原花青素的工艺研究

[目的]优化微波辅助提取苹果皮中原花青素的工艺。[方法]采用微波辅助技术提取苹果皮中原花青素。在单因素试验的基础上,采用L16(45)正交试验设计,研究乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比和微波功率对苹果皮原花青素得率的影响。[结果]在苹果皮原花青素得率的各影响因素中,影响程度依次为:料液比>乙醇浓度>提取温度>微波功率>提取时间。微波辅助提取苹果皮原花青素的最佳工艺条件为:以50%乙醇为提取溶剂,采用料液比为1∶5 g/ml,在80℃和120 W时提取5 min,此条件下原花青素得率为2.86mg/g。[结论]研究可为提高苹果皮的利用率和工业化生产高附加值的原花青素提供理论依据。     

Cacao leaf procyanidins increase locally and systemically in response to infection by Moniliophthora perniciosa basidiospores

Flavan-3-ol monomers and oligomers from dimers to decamers were quantitatively determined by HPLC-FLD in leaves of four Theobroma cacao varieties. Cacao flush leaves had higher procyanidin content than mature leaves. Moniliophthora perniciosa basidiospore infection results in an increase in cacao leaf procyanidins in the inoculated leaves, as well as in the uninoculated, adjacent, older leaves on an actively growing branch, resulting in both a local and systemic increase in procyanidin content in response to infection. Procyanidin oligomers increased significantly in leaves of the less susceptible genotype Scavina 6 upon infection, and total procyanidin levels were higher than in Cacao Comum a more disease susceptible genotype. Selection of genotypes with high constitutive and/or inducible content of procyanidins in young flush leaves may be a strategy to develop witches’ broom disease resistant cultivars.     

In vitro anti-platelet aggregative effect of procyanidins isolated from grape seeds

AIM: To study the possible anti-platelet aggregative mechanisms of procyanidins (PC) isolated from grape seeds in vitro. METHODS: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were prepared from the blood of healthy volunteers. PC,diphenylene iodonium(DPI,a nonspecific NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and apocynin (a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor) were used to observe the effects on collagen-induced platelet maximum aggregation rate using platelet aggregometer. The influences of PC on platelet NADPH oxidase activity, NO content and superoxide anion (O₂^-·) level were evaluated by chemiluminescence spectrometer. The role of PC in the expression of activated platelet markers (PAC-1 and CD62P) was observed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: PC (100 μmol/L), apocynin (10 μmol/L) and DPI (100 μmol/L) significantly inhibited collagen-induced maximum platelet aggregation rate (P<0.01). In collagen-activated platelets, NO content reduced and O₂^-· level increased,both of which were recovered by PC at concentration of 100 μmol/L (P<0.05). PC also obviously inhibited NADPH oxidase activity (P<0.01), and significantly down-regulated PAC-1 and CD62P expression (P< 0.05) in platelets. CONCLUSION: Procyanidins isolated from grape seeds have the anti-platelet aggregation function through inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity, further influencing platelet NO and O₂^-· levels.     

沙棘鲜果渣真空干燥技术研究

为研究沙棘鲜果渣在真空干燥条件下的干燥特性,进而确定适宜的工艺参数,笔者选用了不同的干燥温度、真空度和物料厚度对沙棘鲜果渣进行脱水干燥试验,测定不同干燥工艺条件下沙棘果渣的干燥特性,并对干燥后沙棘果渣的总黄酮和原花青素含量进行测定。试验结果表明,适宜的沙棘鲜果渣真空干燥工艺条件为:干燥温度60℃,真空度80 k Pa,物料厚度1. 0 cm.干燥后的沙棘果渣总黄酮含量最高达4. 98 mg/g,原花青素含量最高达35. 67 mg/g.     

松树皮原花青素提取纯化及降血脂作用研究

[目的]研究松树皮原花青素的提取纯化方法和降血脂作用。[方法]分别采用浓度70%乙醇和大孔树脂对松树皮中原花青素进行了提取和纯化;以小白鼠为对象建立动物模型进一步研究了原花青素精提物的降血脂作用。[结果]经NKA大孔树脂纯化后的原花青素纯度达到40%左右;松树皮中原花青素具有降低小白鼠血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）含量的作用。[结论]松树皮原花青素提取物在一定程度上能起到降血脂的作用,为其在保健和医药等方面进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

思茅松树皮单宁化学组成的研究

从思茅松树皮获得的单宁，经葡聚糖凝胶ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ－２０柱分离得到各种级外。通过各种降解反应１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ谱研究表明，思茅松树皮单宁是多聚原花青定，其延伸单元以２，３－顺式构型为主，终端单元以２，３－反式构型为主。经凝胶渗透色谱法（ＧＰＣ）测得思松树皮多聚原花青定的聚合度为４－２１。     

大孔树脂纯化山竹壳原花青素的研究

研究比较了10种大孔吸附树脂对山竹壳原花青素的吸附和解吸性能,筛选出最适的大孔吸附树脂,并对该树脂的静态和动态吸附条件进行研究.结果表明,大孔吸附树脂XDA-7对山竹壳原花青素有很好的吸附和解吸性能,最佳吸附和解吸条件为:吸附流速为2 BV/h,解吸液乙醇浓度为60％,解吸流速为2 BV/h,解吸液体积为6 BV.得到纯化的原花青素纯度为66.20％.     

Pycnogenol: A blend of procyanidins with multifaceted therapeutic applications?

Great interest is currently centred on the biologic activities of pycnogenol a standardized plant extract obtained from the bark of the French maritime pine Pinus pinaster (formerly known as Pinus maritima), Aiton, subspecies Atlantica des Villar (Pycnogenol®, Horphag Research Ltd., UK, Geneve, Switzerland), which grows in the coastal southwest France. The quality of this extract is specified in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP 28). Between 65% and 75% of Pycnogenol are procyanidins comprising of catechin and epicatechin subunits with varying chain lengths. Other constituents are polyphenolic monomers, phenolic or cinnamic acids and their glycosides. As many studies indicate, pycnogenol components are highly bioavailable. Uniquely, pycnogenol displays greater biologic effects as a mixture than its purified components do individually indicating that the components interact synergistically. Pycnogenol is now utilized throughout the world as a nutritional supplement and as a phytochemical remedy for various diseases ranging from chronic inflammation to circulatory dysfunction, including several impaired psycho-physiological functions. Owing to the basic chemical structure of its components, the most obvious feature of pycnogenol is its strong antioxidant activity. In fact, phenolic acids, polyphenols, and in particular flavonoids, are composed of one (or more) aromatic rings bearing one or more hydroxyl groups and are therefore potentially able to quench free radicals by forming resonance-stabilized phenoxyl radicals.     

天宝岩长苞铁杉林倒木的燃烧性研究

以天宝岩长苞铁杉林内倒木为研究对象,结合以负荷量和含水率为自变量的综合燃烧属性及以灰分、热值、含水率及氮含量等理化性质为评价指标的燃烧熵值,综合探讨长苞铁杉林内倒木的燃烧性.结果表明,天宝岩长苞铁杉林内倒木属于低燃烧性可燃物,其发生火灾的可能性较小;长苞铁杉+糙花少穗竹混交林内倒木的燃烧性最低,非防火期长苞铁杉+毛竹混交林内倒木的燃烧性最大;倒木负荷量、综合燃烧属性值及发生火灾的可能性随腐烂等级升高而降低,平均含水率随腐烂等级增加而升高,燃烧性熵值随腐烂等级升高而降低.