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1.
Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity
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Peter M. Kiffney Ben Cram Paul L. Faulds Karl Burton Michele Koehler Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053
To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance. 相似文献
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本文研究了铁盐、蔗糖等培养基成份对烟草花粉胚胎形成的影响。结果表明,铁盐和蔗糖与烟草花粉胚形成有密切关系。培养基中没有铁盐,胚发育停止球形期;没有蔗糖、胚发育受阻在多细胞原胚期,不能进一步发育。培养基中仅有蔗糖,胚发育停止在鱼雷胚早期,将其转到只含铁盐的培养基中,鱼雷胚可继续发育直至成株。培养基中不附加铁盐或蔗糖,胚的发育均受阻。只有铁盐和蔗糖而无大量元素、微量元素及有机成份,即能形成胚状体并再生植株,但胚胎发生频率低,表明其它附加成份并不是没有意义的。另外,培养基中附加一定浓度的腺素对花粉胚形成是有利的,但高浓度是有害的。 相似文献
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Capnographic documentation of nasoesophageal and nasogastric feeding tube placement in dogs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paula A. Johnson DVM F. A. Mann DVM MS DACVS DACVECC John Dodam DVM MS PhD DACVA Keith Branson DVM MS DACVA Colette Wagner-Mann DVM PhD Mark A. Brady DVM Elizabeth Dunphy DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2002,12(4):227-233
Objective: To evaluate the ability of capnography to document proper placement of nasoesophageal (NE) and nasogastric (NG) feeding tubes. This study was conducted in 3 phases. Phase I of this study was designed in order to test the efficacy of capnography to distinguish placement of a feeding tube in the alimentary tract versus the respiratory tract. Phase II was designed in order to document that carbon dioxide (CO2) could be measured through a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) feeding tube. Phase III was performed in order to evaluate the technique of continuous monitoring during insertion of the feeding tube into the esophagus and stomach as would be performed during a clinical‐tube placement. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: 24 adult dogs. Interventions: In Phase I, sedated dogs were instrumented with an intratracheal catheter and an 8 French feeding tube placed nasally into the distal esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase II, dogs were anesthetized and an 8 French feeding tube was placed down the endotracheal tube, then into the esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase III, sedated dogs were instrumented with an 8 French feeding tube inserted intranasally and then advanced to the level of the nasopharynx, distal esophagus and, lastly, the stomach. Fluoroscopy was used in order to determine location of the feeding tube. Measurements and main results: Phase I measurements included respiratory rate and CO2 from the trachea, esophagus, and stomach and pH of gastric fluid sample. Phase II measurements included respiratory rate and CO2 from the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the distal esophagus, and feeding tube in the stomach. Phase III data collection included respiratory rate and CO2 as the tube was passed through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, esophagus and stomach. Phase I fluid samples were collected from 5 of the 9 dogs and had pH values from 1.68 to 4.20. In both phases, values for the respiratory rate and CO2 from the esophagus and stomach were 0 ± 0, significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the values from the trachea. In Phase II, there was no significant difference between the respiratory rates (P = 0.886) and CO2 (P = 0.705) readings obtained from the endotracheal tube compared to readings from the feeding tube in the endotracheal tube. In Phase III, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the respiratory rates and CO2 readings obtained from the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx when compared to those readings obtained from the esophagus and stomach. Measurement of CO2 and respiratory rate resulted in a reading of 0 every time the feeding tube was in the esophagus or stomach. Conclusions: Capnography may be used in order to detect airway placement of NE and NG tubes. 相似文献
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花生DNA导入大豆育种效果的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用花粉管通道在大豆自花授粉后将花生DNA导入栽培大豆受体中,引起受体的结荚习性、株高、成熟期,主茎节数、分枝数、产量性状和化学品质等性状的广泛变异。对变异株进行选择,获得了产量比受体提高11.9%~25.1%,蛋白质含量提高3.9%~5.3%的变异株系。实验结果表明:利用外源DNA导入技术进行生态性状、产量性状和化学品质方向的育种是可能的。 相似文献
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This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production. 相似文献
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苹果自花授粉的花粉管结构变化及S-RNase定位 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
苹果‘红星’品种授粉处理24 h后, 自花授粉比异花授粉的花粉管生长缓慢。授粉处理48 h后, 可观察到自花授粉花柱通道组织的花粉管内有二裂粒子增加、管壁破裂和管内物质溢出、外层管壁增厚等现象。苹果气球状花期未授粉的花柱及自花和异花授粉24 h后且无花粉管存在的花柱切片显示, S-RNase位于花柱通道组织的细胞内。自花和异花授粉48 h后有花粉管通过的花柱切片显示, S-RNase位于花柱通道组织的细胞间隙和花粉管内。 相似文献
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台湾青枣不同品种花粉萌发和生活力测定 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
以5个台湾青枣品种盛花期花粉为试材,应用正交试验测定不同品种花粉萌发率及适宜的萌发条件,并用4种不同方法测定花粉生活力。结果表明:(1)不同品种的花粉萌发率存在显著差异,其中大世界的花粉萌发率最高。(2)硼酸浓度、培养温度等因素对花粉萌发率有极显著影响。最适培养基为含琼脂1%、蔗糖15%、硼酸0.02%的组合,适宜温度为30—32℃。(3)花粉生活力的测定中,离体萌发法是最佳选择,I—KI染色法、醋酸洋红染色法和TTC染色法不适宜用作台湾青枣花粉生活力的测定。 相似文献