生物质炭对贵州黄壤朝天椒减氮的生物效应及氮肥利用率的影响

为探究生物质炭对贵州黄壤朝天椒减氮的施用效果,采用大田试验,研究了生物质炭与氮肥减量配施(CF_(100)B_0(化肥氮100%)、CF_(90)B_(10)(化肥氮90%+生物质炭氮10%)、CF_(85)B_(15)(化肥氮85%+生物质炭氮15%)、CF_(80)B_(20)(化肥氮80%+生物质炭氮20%))对贵州黄壤朝天椒产量、品质、养分积累和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥(CF_(100)B_0)处理相比,CF_(90)B_(10)处理可提高朝天椒产量,其中鲜椒增产7.3%、干椒增产2.5%,但是增产效果并不显著,而CF_(85)B_(15)和CF_(80)B_(20)处理的产量略有降低;生物质炭与氮肥减量配施处理可显著影响朝天椒果实中的硝酸盐和Vc含量,其中,CF_(90)B_(10)、CF_(85)B_(15)和CF_(80)B_(20)处理的硝酸盐含量降低了4.8%～8.9%,而CF_(90)B_(10)处理的Vc含量则较CF_(100)B_0处理提高了9.6%,但还原糖和游离氨基酸含量在各处理间无差异;此外,与CF_(100)B_0处理相比,生物质炭与氮肥减量配施可使氮肥偏生产力(PFP_N)提高2.08～2.62 kg·kg~(-1),以CF_(90)B_(10)处理最高,而氮肥农学效率(AE_N)和氮肥表观利用率(RE_N)则随着生物质炭替代化学氮肥比例的增加呈降低趋势,以CF_(90)B_(10)处理的AE_N和RE_N最高,分别为7.70 kg·kg~(-1)和40.3%。综上,生物质炭与氮肥减量配施可有效保证贵州朝天椒稳产增效,因此,短期条件下推荐生物质炭替代化学氮肥10%作为贵州黄壤朝天椒氮肥减施替代的最适比例。     

大豆种质资源叶型和荚粒性状的关系及与SSR标记的关联分析

选用167份国内外大豆品种资源材料,依据叶长/宽比值将其划分为宽叶型和窄叶型, 分析叶型相关性状与荚粒性状的相关性,结果表明叶宽、叶长/宽比均与每荚粒数显著相关(r = –0.69和0.64,P<0.001)。选用均匀分布于大豆20条连锁群上的65个SSR标记分析资源材料的群体结构,并用目标区间内13个SSR标记与叶型相关性状和荚粒性状进行关联分析, 结果显示,标记20-285与每荚粒数显著关联,推测控制每荚粒数的基因可能位于标记20-285附近;标记20-26和20-45间的标记几乎都与叶长/宽比存在显著的关联性,推测控制叶型的基因位于标记20-26和20-45之间。相关分析和关联分析证实大豆叶型与荚粒性状存在密切关系,并缩小了每荚粒数和叶型候选基因的区间。     

大白菜种株碳同化分配及其对种荚发育的作用

用　14 C示踪方法研究大白菜种株不同生育时期同化产物分配及其对种荚形成的作用 ,结果表明 :叶片是主要同化器官 ;生育前期同化产物主要向茎枝和根系分配 ;后期主要向角果输送 ;种株开花前同化产物可通过再次分配进入角果 ,开花后同化产物对种子形成贡献更大。种株不同生育时期同化产物对角果皮和籽粒发育的作用存在差异     

高油花生品种荚果发育动态研究

以高油品种为试材,研究了高油花生品种荚果发育过程中荚果的鲜重、干重及籽仁干重的变化规律.结果表明:0321-31和鲁花12号荚果发育晚、速度慢,持续时间短;冀花4号、冀花5号、冀花2号和R1549荚果发育较早、速度快,持续时间长;不同花生品种荚果发育规律表现一致,即荚果发育初期,以荚果膨大为主;始花40 d后,荚果发育进程加快;始花47～54 d,荚果鲜重和干重快速增加,但含水量仍在60%以上;始花54～68 d,荚果鲜重和干重继续增加,但幅度不大,而荚果鲜重则随含水量的急剧下降而减少;始花68～82d,荚果含水量较少,荚果干重和籽仁干重再度急速增加,始花82 d时达到最大值.     

豆角豆荚和种子中皂苷含量的比较

[目的]确定豆角的豆荚与种子中的皂苷含量的差异。[方法]以3个品种豆角的豆荚和种子为原材料,经过醇溶、水溶、萃取等工艺制得粗皂苷,采用libermann-burchard反应和泡沫试验对粗提皂苷进行定性检测,以人参皂苷Rg1为标准品,绘制标准曲线,通过测定粗皂苷的吸光度来计算豆角中不同部位的皂苷含量,并通过方差分析比较豆角豆荚和种子的皂苷含量差异。[结果]对粗皂苷质量和皂苷提取物含量的分析分别表明,不同品种豆角不同部位的皂苷含量有一定的差别;不同品种豆角不同部位的粗皂苷溶液的吸光度不同,在0.20~0.25之间。由绘制各品种豆角不同部位的皂苷含量柱形图和方差分析可知,豆角的豆荚与种子中皂苷含量存在极显著差异。[结论]豆荚中的皂苷含量明显高于种子的皂苷含量。     

Effect of Synthetic Cytokinin Application on Pod Setting of Individual Florets within Raceme in Soybean

Abstract

The application of synthetic cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine, BA) to racemes of soybean genotype IX93-100 at 7 days after anthesis (DAA) enhanced pod-set percentage of the florets at the 5th position and above (numbered from the base on rachis). The endogenous cytokinin (trans-zeatin riboside) content of individual florets was measured at the 1, 3, 5, 7th position every 3 days after anthesis. Cytokinin was detected only from the florets at 9 DAA, and the content was higher in the more proximal florets while it became negligible in the 7th floret. These results suggest that an increase in the amount of cytokinin in individual florets might enhance the pod setting of the florets positioned at the middle or distal part within the raceme.     

吉林省菜豆地方品种资源研究及利用现状

吉林省气候寒冷,菜豆资源丰富。其中的油豆、花皮类型品种资源栽培区域性强,其荚宽、肉厚,呈宽刀形,荚宽可达2.5cm。荚色以绿色、花色为主,绿色荚品种占76%,花皮品种占22%。种皮色以花色为主,占资源总数的62%,种子粒大,千粒重最高达700g。且品种名称生动、形象,具有地方特色。     

花生种子大小和重量对生长和产量的影响

花生种仁的大小及重量对出苗速度及出苗率、幼苗的生长和发育、植株的花芽分化和成花率以及荚果产量等有很大的影响。大粒优质种仁可提高出苗速度2～5d及出苗率3％～5％，植株生长健壮，花芽分化增多，成花率高，最终获得高产。     

Fruit infestation of Acacia tortilis (Forsk) hyne by Bruchidius andrewesi Pic. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in the Thar desert

Bruchidius andrewesi Pic. has been recorded as a serious pest of pods and seeds of Acacia tortilis in the Thar desert of India. Pest infestation on developing pods and its relationship with morphological traits is reported. Pod infestation varied from 5 to 19% with 5–29% infestation of seeds. Infestation of pods is directly related to infestation of seed (r = 0.72^**), and both pod and seed infestation are also directly correlated with loss in seed biomass (r = 0.79^** and R = 0.88^**). The infestation of pods starts in November and increases steady until harvest. Seeds kept in the laboratory for further studies were found to be 100% infested with B. andrewesi, as the insect multiplied faster under these conditions. The heavy infestation is damaging not only to A. tortilis but also to other leguminous trees of the desert. Bruchidius andrewesi has also been found on pods and seeds of Prosopis cineraria, an important indigenous tree of the region.