不同种植方式对甜菜产质量的影响

试验结果表明,在同等条件下,由于栽培方式不同,密度不同,块根产量、产糖量差异较大,以纸筒大垄双行为最好,甜菜块根产量、产糖量比对照小垄直播分别提高36.7%、39.8%,每公顷纯增效益1602元。其次是大垄双行覆膜,块根产量、产糖量比对照小垄直播分别提高31.5%、33.1%。     

呼伦贝尔市农业结构调整最优方案

根据不同区域气候特点和产量水平,运用系统工程理论中的线性规划方法对该市的作物种植结构进行了调整,在种植面积基本不变的情况下,净产值增加了15.3%和17.3%;并在不同的气候区域设计了不同作物种植的最佳组合方案。这对增加农业种植效益和农民收入,有效改善生态环境,保持农业的可持续发展等方面都具有显著的经济、社会和生态效益。     

种植方式与种植密度对大力士高粱的影响

本试验用裂区设计,研究了大力士高粱在16种不同种植密度、3种种植方式下,产草量、生产速度、茎叶比、茎粗的变化情况。结果表明,在撒播密度为18 kg/hm2、条播为22.5 kg/hm2、穴播为28.5 kg/hm2时达到最高产量;生长速度在第53-55 d时最高,达5.7 cm/d;茎叶比随着产量的增加逐渐减少;茎粗随着种植密度的增大而有减小的趋势。     

Anoda cristata control with glyphosate in narrow- and wide-row soyabean

Experiments evaluated the effect of glyphosate rate and Anoda cristata density, on crop and weed biomass and weed seed production in wide (70 cm) and narrow rows (35 cm) glyphosate‐resistant soyabean (Glycine max). Soyabean density was higher at 35 cm row spacing as an increase in planting rate in narrow‐row soyabean is recommended for producers in Argentina. Soyabean biomass at growth stage V4 (four nodes on the main stem with fully developed leaves beginning with the unifoliate leaves) was higher when grown on narrow than in wide‐rows but was not affected by the presence of A. cristata. At growth stage R5 (seed initiation – seed 3 mm long in a pod at one of the four uppermost nodes on the main stem, with a fully developed leaf and full canopy development), crop biomass was greater in narrow rows compared with wide rows with 12 plants m^?2 of A. cristata. In narrow‐row soyabean, a single application of a reduced rate of glyphosate maintained soyabean biomass at R5 and provided excellent weed control regardless of weed density. In wide‐row soyabean control was reduced at the high weed density. Regardless of row spacing, A. cristata biomass and seed production were severely reduced by half of the recommended dose rate of glyphosate but the relationship between biomass and seed production was not altered. Glyphosate rates as low as 67.5 g a.e. ha^?1 in narrow rows or 540 g a.e. ha^?1 in wide rows provided excellent control of A. cristata. To minimize glyphosate use, planting narrow‐row soyabean are effective where A. cristata density is low.     

太行红石榴栽培养护技术

太行红石榴喜光、耐旱、怕涝、怕寒冷，适宜在pH值在4.5～8.2之间的砾质或沙质壤土中栽植。文章介绍了石榴树的栽培养护技术，包括扦插育苗、移栽定植、幼树期管理、结果期管理等。     

Dense planting with less basal nitrogen fertilization might benefit rice cropping for high yield with less environmental impacts

Dense planting and less basal nitrogen (N) fertilization have been recommended to further increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE), respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrative impacts of dense planting with reduced basal N application (DR) on rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Field experiments with one conventional sparse planting (CK) and four treatments of dense planting (increased seedlings per hill) with less basal N application were conducted in northeast China from 2012 to 2013. In addition, a two-factor experiment was conducted to isolate the effect of planting density and basal N rate on CH₄ emission in 2013. Our results show that an increase in planting density by about 50% with a correspondingly reduction in basal N rate by about 30% (DR1 and DR2) enhanced NUE by 14.3–50.6% and rice grain yield by 0.5–7.4% over CK. Meanwhile, DR1 and DR2 reduced GWP by 6.4–12.6% and yield-scaled GWP by 7.0–17.0% over CK. According to the two-factor experiment, soil CH₄ production and oxidation and CH₄ emission were not affected by planting density. However, reduced basal N rate decreased CH₄ emission due to it significantly reduced soil CH₄ production with a smaller reduction in soil CH₄ oxidation. The above results indicate that moderate dense planting with less basal N application might be an environment friendly mode for rice cropping for high yield and NUE with less GHG emissions.     

Density responses and spatial distribution of cotton yield and yield components in jujube (Zizyphus jujube)/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) agroforestry

Trees are the dominant species in agroforestry systems, profoundly affecting the performance of understory crops. Proximity to trees is a key factor in crop performance, but rather little information is available on the spatial distribution of yield and yield components of crop species under the influence of trees in agroforestry systems. Also, little information is available on how crop density may be exploited to optimize the yield in such systems. Here we studied the performance of cotton in jujube/cotton agroforestry. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Hetian, Xinjiang, China. Cotton was grown at a row distance of 60 cm in three densities, 13.5, 18.0 and 22.5 plants m⁻² in six m wide paths between tree lines in a jujube plantation. Plant density affected both cotton aboveground dry matter and yield significantly. The highest yield was attained at the intermediate density of 18.0 plants m⁻² (20.0 plants m⁻² corresponding in sole cotton), lower than the optimal density in sole cotton (25.0 plants m⁻²). Yield at the lower density was constrained by the low number of bolls per m² as a direct consequence of the low density, whereas at the high plant density yield was constrained by a lower allocation of assimilates to cotton seed and lint, as a consequence of intraspecific and interspecific competitions. There were strong gradients in yield and yield components in relation to the distance from the tree rows. Leaf area and total dry matter of cotton in rows close to the tree lines were reduced, especially in the rows next to the trees. Moreover, biomass allocation to cotton fruits was reduced in these rows. Competitive influences from the trees on cotton performance extended two rows deep in a six-year old jujube stand, and even three rows deep in a seven-year old stand. Shading effects on cotton yield were compensated by increasing plant density as a result of greater boll numbers per unit ground area. Data from this study help guide the design of optimal plant density of cotton in jujube plantations and give insight in the spatial distribution and dynamics of competitive effects in agroforestry systems in general.     

行距对马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响

试验采用随机区组试验设计,大垄双行,整薯播种。在同一密度下对不同行距间的各指标进行比较及单因素方差分析。旨在为马铃薯生产和机械化作业提供理论依据。结果表明:在12株·m~(-2)和9株·m~(-2)的种植密度下,主茎数、结薯数、产量都是随行距的增加而呈现递减的变化趋势;在7.2株·m~(-2)的种植密度下,主茎数、结薯数、产量是随行距的增加而呈现"增-减-增"的变化趋势;同一密度下,淀粉含量随行距增加变化不明显,大部分维持在15%~16%之间。总体来看,同一密度下不同行距间对主茎数、结薯数、产量及淀粉含量的影响均差异不显著。     

4种种植体系的水肥利用状况和经济效益比较

为了筛选适宜曲周县后老营村农业生产的较优种植体系并设计更好的种植体系,采用随机抽样调查的方法,对该村主要作物的种植体系及其水肥资源利用状况和经济效益进行了详细调查。结果表明:棉花-西瓜套作体系的水肥资源利用率最高,小麦-西瓜-玉米间套作体系的经济效益最好,棉花-西瓜套作体系次之,二者差异不显著。未来可以基于这2种种植体系重新设计新的种植体系,从而在生态、经济、环境等方面取得较好的综合效益。     

"早稻-冬草莓"轮作模式最佳种植期研究

[目的]研究"早稻-冬草莓"轮作模式最佳种植期.[方法]根据双流县气象局1971 ～ 2010年气象资料,采用滑移气候相似距及数理统计方法,对"早稻-冬草莓"轮作模式最佳种植期进行分析.[结果]冬草莓最佳种植期在8月1日～翌年3月31日,其小苗移栽最早在7月中旬,最晚在8月中旬,最佳移栽时期平均在8月19日.早稻移栽时间平均为3月26日,拟收获期平均为7月26日.[结论]从气象角度研究了"早稻-冬草莓"轮作模式最佳种植期,为双流县推广该模式,最大限度地发挥光、温、水、土地的生态效益提供了科学的决策依据.