日光温室光周期控制器的设计

本文设计了一种用于日光温室的光周期控制器 ,解决了日光温室自动化光照的问题。该设计采用数字电路 ,光电传感器 ,电光源 ,实现了对白天光照接续的时间和晚间增补光照的时间的自动、准确的控制     

Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of growth period traits and plant height traits in soybean recombinant inbred lines from Dongnong 47 × PI 317334-B

High and stable yield is the main goal of soybean genetic improvement. In this study, association analysis was used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the plant height, and soybean growth period using 182 SSR markers in the RIL population of 136 F_4:8 lines, which developed from a cross between photoperiod-insensitive cultivar ‘Dongnong 47’ and photoperiod-sensitive variety PI317334–B. The results showed that 33 QTLs related to soybean growth period and plant height traits were detected by compound interval mapping, and were located on 12 linkage groups including N, C1, C2, J, D1a, B2, E, G, A2, O, L, I, with the contribution rate of 7.85–33.84%. These QTL loci and linkage markers related to soybean photoperiod sensitivity, would be helpful to identify key genes that control soybean photoperiod sensitivity, and provide an important basis for the breeding of new photoperiod-insensitive soybean varieties based on molecular design breeding.     

Seasonal and photoperiodic regulation of secretion of hormones associated with reproduction in Magang goose ganders

This study examined the reproductive endocrine profile under natural and artificial photoperiods in Magang goose ganders. Group 1 ganders (n=8) served as non-treated controls and were exposed to natural photoperiod throughout the experiment from 13th January to 17th December 2004. Group 2 ganders (n=8) were exposed to 18 h long daily photoperiod for 60 days from 13 January till 15 March 2004 and again to 16 h photoperiod for 75 days till 10th October 2004, and the 11h short photoperiod in the remainder periods of the experiment. In control ganders, plasma LH concentrations were high in normal breeding seasons (August-March) and decreased to low levels in non-breeding season from April to July. Testosterone concentrations changed similarly to that of LH throughout the seasons. Seasonal pattern of PRL concentrations was opposite to those of LH and testosterone, with low values in breeding season and high values in non-breeding season. In artificial photoperiod treated ganders, increasing photoperiod increased PRL and decreased LH and testosterone concentrations, while decreasing photoperiod reversed these changes. There were no seasonal or photoperiod caused changes in plasma T3 concentrations in both control ganders and artificial photoperiod treated ganders. These results demonstrated that in Magang goose ganders that long photoperiod stimulates PRL secretion and decreases LH secretion, which terminates reproductive season in spring and early summer, and short photoperiod stimulates LH secretion and inhibits PRL secretion rendering ganders enter into reproductive season.     

水流和光照条件对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida (Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发生长的影响

在不同水流和不同光照条件下,分别对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida (Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发情况展开研究,以期为其苗种生产奠定基础。舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子在附着1 d、15 d后,置于不同水流速度(0、1、1.5、4、7、10、14 cm/s;1.5 cm/s流速由充气控制,其他流速由流水装置控制)培养20 d;舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子附着1 d后,在不同光照周期(6L∶18D、8L∶16D、10L∶14D、12L∶12D、14L∶10D、16L∶8D)和不同光照强度(35、85、135 µmol photons/m2·s)交叉条件下培养70 d。结果显示,附着1 d的果孢子萌发体在静止条件下的萌发生长明显优于其他水流速度下的(P<0.05);附着15 d的果孢子萌发体在1.5 cm/s流速下的萌发生长最好(P<0.05),在静止条件下的萌发生长明显慢于其他流速下的各组(P<0.05)。光照周期和光照强度对果孢子萌发生长的影响显著(P<0.05),这二者对盘状体和孢苗生长的影响具有交互作用(P<0.05),对盘状体萌发出直立体的影响没有交互作用(P>0.05)。光照时间为8–10 h,盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显高于其他光照时间下的各组。光照强度为35 µmol photons/m2·s时,盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显比其他光照强度下的高。研究表明,在舌状蜈蚣藻育苗生产中,可采取孢子刚附着时静水培养,附苗后15 d充气培养,并控制光照时间为8–10 h和光照强度为35 µmol photons/ m2·s。     

Comparative forcing of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Bailer’ as a florist's hydrangea

‘Bailer’ (Endless Summer™) is a new, pink- or blue-flowered hydrangea that flowers on new wood continuously throughout the growing season. It is also winter-hardy in northern, temperate climates (USDA Z4). Use of Endless Summer as a florist's potted hydrangea would provide consumers with a dual-use product (flowering potted plant, landscape shrub). The objectives were to determine if Endless Summer could be forced as a florist's hydrangea using two forcing regimes (immediate, standard), two soil pH regimes, and two pinching treatments. ‘Merritt Supreme Pink’ (pink), ‘Blue Danube’ (blue), and Endless Summer (blue, pink) were forced under immediate (no cold treatment, short- and long-day photoperiods) and standard (6 weeks cold, 4 °C to overcome dormancy) conditions. Since commercial liners were not yet available, cuttings of Endless Summer were used in the immediate forcing experiment. Days to visible flower bud, first color, full flower were recorded, as well as height, no. of branches, no. of flowers, and flower size. In the immediate forcing experiment, only Endless Summer produced flowers. Cultivars differed significantly (P < 0.001) for days to visible flower bud, days to first color, days to full flower, and height. The number of flowers and flower size were not significantly different among pink cultivars. In the standard forcing experiment, Endless Summer reached days to visible flower bud, days to first color, and days to full flower significantly earlier than either comparison, although it exhibited weaker stems and less intense flower pigmentation. Pinching (blue pH) had a significant effect on all traits except the days to full flower and flower size, although no pinching treatment was significant for pink pH. Photoperiod was significant only for the days to visible flower bud (pink pH), days to full flower (blue pH), and final height (blue pH). Further research is needed before Endless Summer can be grown as a dual-use florist's potted hydrangea with acceptable quality.     

Characteristics of phosphorus uptake kinetics of poinsettia and marigold

In a previous experiment it has been found that maximum uptake rate (I_max), Michaelis constant (K_m), and minimum nutrient concentration (C_min) as plant physiological characteristics may be important for phosphorus (P) uptake in peat-substrate. Thus, variation of P uptake parameters was evaluated with a series of depletion studies for poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and marigold (Tagetes patula) under fluctuating climatic conditions and different developmental stages.     

温度敏感型雄性不育水稻的鉴定

在人工控制条件下应用两因子完全随机区组设计研究了籼型5460不育系对温度与光照的反应。结果表明参试的5个对照品种(系)的育性在所有处理中都表现正常,而5460不育系在日最高/最低温度为27/22℃、平均为23.5℃时,不论光照时间为12.0h、13.5h 还是15.0h/日,其花粉育性与套袋自交结实率都基本正常,在33/28℃,平均为29.5℃时,不论光照如何,大部分植株表现为完全不育或高度不育。套袋自交结实率的方差分析表明,光照长度引起育性变化的差异不显著,不同温度间的差异极显著,光温互作效应也达到显著水平。试验表明5460不育系是“温度敏感型”的雄性不育系。这一结论与1987年福州地区的气象资料和5460不育系在当时当地的实际育性变化相符合。讨论了温度敏感型雄性不育水稻对理论研究和育种实践的价值。     

Shifting the natural spring–summer breeding season of the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus into the winter by environmental manipulations

Ninety sexually mature Cherax quadricarinatus females were exposed to various combinations of photoperiod and temperature for 2 months during the summer. Females were randomly assigned to either “winter” “semi-winter” or “summer” simulation treatments. In the “winter” treatment, crayfish were exposed to a simulated winter photoperiod (gradual decrease from 14L:10D to 10L:14D, 4 weeks at short day length followed by gradual increase to 14L:10D) and temperature (gradual decrease from 27 to 15 °C, held for 4 weeks, and then gradual increase to 27 °C). In the “semi-winter” treatment, crayfish were exposed to a simulated winter photoperiod and a summer temperature (27–29 °C). In the “summer” treatment, the crayfish were exposed to summer water temperatures and a photoperiod of 14L:10D. Following the 2 months of conditioning, the females were stocked for 7 months in small groups with males under environmental conditions similar to those of the “summer” treatment. All females were individually tagged and molting and spawning events were monitored. Females exposed to “semi-winter” conditioning in the summer, demonstrated a threefold increase in the rate of first spawning during the winter (December–February) compared with the other females. Crayfish breeders can easily implement these findings since shifting the breeding season into the winter only requires shortening of the photoperiod in the summer. The stocking of ponds in the spring with large nursed juveniles that hatched from eggs spawned in the winter, would allow the attainment of market size at the end of the limited growout season in temperate zones.     

热带玉米光周期敏感相关性状的遗传分析

 采用 6个世代平均值分析方法 ,对抽雄期、散粉期、吐丝期、株高、穗位高等光周期敏感的相关性状进行了遗传比较研究。结果表明 ,钝感×钝感组合 5个性状加性基因效应的贡献占总遗传变异的 11.3%～ 5 3.6 % ,显性效应贡献占 36 .0 %～ 78.6 % ,上位性效应占 5 .5 %～ 2 7.0 % ,说明显性效应大于加性效应 ,上位性效应普遍存在 ;而钝感×敏感组合 5个性状的加性基因效应的贡献为 6 6 .9%～ 84 .5 % ,显性贡献为 11.6 %～ 30 .7% ,上位性贡献为 1.4 %～ 5 .2 % ,说明加性效应占主导地位 ,显性和上位性效应作用显著降低 ,但不同钝感×敏感的敏感组合之间存在一定差异。温带遗传成分在钝感×敏感杂种后代中所占的比重 ,对减弱光周期敏感反应具有一定的剂量效应。含有 2 5 %热带成分的BC1敏感性状最弱 ,利用价值较大。