橡子利用的研究（Ⅲ）——橡实淀粉的特性

研究了橡实淀粉的化学成分、颗粒形貌、Ｘ－射线衍射图谱与模型、碘亲和力与链淀粉含量、差热分析、糊化温度、糊粘度曲线及冰融稳定性等性质，并对其利用的可能范围进行了分析．     

The relative plasma availabilities of ivermectin in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) following subcutaneous and two different oral formulation applications

Background

Overwintering (breeding) reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are commonly treated with ivermectin against parasitic infestations once yearly in autumn-winter roundups. The only preparations registered to reindeer are those for subcutaneous injection. However, also oral extra-label ivermectin administration is used. Twenty-six, 8-month-old reindeer calves were randomly allocated into three groups. Group 1 (n = 9) received oral ivermectin mixture (Ivomec® vet mixt. 0.8 mg/ml, oral ovine liquid drench formulation), Group 2 (n = 9) oral ivermectin paste (Ivomec® vet 18.7 mg/g equine paste), and Group 3 (n = 8) subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (Ivomec® 10 mg/ml vet inj.), each group at a dose of 200 μg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected at treatment and at days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 16 post treatment. Plasma concentrations of ivermectin were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.

Results

The peak plasma concentration (C_max) was reached by 2 days after each treatment. The C_max and Area Under Curve (AUC) differed significantly between the groups: C_max was 30.2 ± 3.9, 14.9 ± 5.7 and 63.1 ± 13.1 ng/ml, and AUC_∞ was 2881 ± 462, 1299 ± 342 and 6718 ± 1620 ng*h/ml for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (mean ± standard deviation).

Conclusions

The differences in plasma concentrations of ivermectin are concomitant with earlier observed differences in antiparasitic efficacy, which discounts the use of the equine paste in reindeer in favour of the oral ovine liquid drench formulation, or preferably, the reindeer-registered subcutaneous injection formulation.     

面包生产中面团温度、pH值的控制

面固温度的高低、pH值的大小对面包成品质量以及出品率有很大影响.     

不同介质对糯米淀粉糊化特性的影响

采用Brabender黏度仪,测定糯米淀粉糊在不同浓度的碱面、明矾、食盐和蔗糖条件下的黏度曲线,研究了这些因素对糯米淀粉糊化特性的影响.结果表明,添加碱面、明矾、食盐和蔗糖提高了糯米淀粉的糊化温度、热稳定性,减弱了老化程度.碱面、明矾、食盐对糯米淀粉糊化特性影响较大,而蔗糖的影响较小.     

小麦淀粉粒蛋白表达差异及其与淀粉糊化特性的关系

为探明小麦淀粉粒蛋白与淀粉糊化特性的关系,对河南省18个主栽小麦品种淀粉粒蛋白进行分离,并对淀粉粒蛋白类型、淀粉含量、糊化特性参数进行了研究.结果表明,18个小麦品种分离出了8种主要的淀粉粒蛋白,9种组合带谱,并以组合类型Ⅰ和组合类型Ⅶ所占比例最高,为55.56%,均表现为7条谱带.通过对淀粉粒蛋白条带数量以及谱带光密度总量和淀粉特性的相关性分析表明,淀粉粒蛋白光密度总量和直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度呈显著负相关,表明淀粉粒蛋白表达量影响淀粉的糊化特性.同时选取6个小麦品种,分别采用盐、SDS、蛋白酶对淀粉进行处理后,淀粉峰值黏度显著提高,其中以盐处理提高幅度最大,且不同处理之间差异达显著水平.对处理后淀粉粒蛋白进行电泳分析表明,处理后的条带明显减少,说明处理后小麦淀粉粒蛋白含量下降.综合试验结果,不同小麦品种淀粉粒蛋白表达存在差异,同时淀粉粒蛋白表达量高低影响淀粉峰值黏度.     

A parametric and microstructural study of the formation of gluten network in mixed flour–water batter

The mechanism of gluten network development is still unclear and remains difficult to study since gluten network formation in bread dough is a rather quick process. In order to better characterize this dynamic event, we slowed down its kinetics by increasing the dough water content. During mixing, performed with a planetary mixer at variable mixing speeds and flour/water ratios, the torque was recorded. Common flours from wheat cultivars Orvantis, Caphorn and Isengrain, similar in composition and Farinograph parameters, were studied.     

膏状叶面肥及液体钙对大白菜产量和品质的影响

研究了北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所研制的三种膏状叶面肥和液体钙肥在大白菜上的产量效应和品质效应。结果表明,喷施大量元素类、腐殖酸类、氨基酸类膏状叶面肥和均比只喷清水的处理增产,增幅在4.3%~6.2%;喷施以硝酸钙为主成份的液体钙肥能够使大白菜增产10.5%。同时,喷施试验用叶面肥能够降低大白菜体内硝酸盐含量,喷施大量元素类膏状叶面肥和腐殖酸类膏状叶面肥两个处理较对照降低20%左右;腐殖酸类膏状叶面肥处理显著增加了大白菜Vc含量,增幅达25.2%;喷施液体钙肥降低硝酸盐含量15.1%、增加Vc含量23.8%。     

浆茶杀青工艺及贮藏保鲜研究

本试验对浆茶杀青工艺及贮放保鲜进行了研究。结果表明 ,投叶量 10 0g ,微波功率 110 0w ,微波杀青 16 0s ,可有效钝化酶活性 ,并有较好的保绿效果 ;在pH 7 5,Vit.C 0 45mg/g贮放条件下利于浆茶保绿 ;添加柠檬酸可明显提高茶多酚儿茶素及叶绿素在贮放中的残留量 ,尤其对叶绿素的保留效果突出     

小麦品种糊化特性研究

 利用快速粘度仪 (RVA)分析了我国冬、春麦主栽品种和部分澳大利亚品种的面粉糊化特性。结果表明 ,中国春小麦品种糊化性状 (单位为 RVU)变异范围较大 ,冬播小麦变异范围较小 ,澳大利亚小麦则介于中国冬麦和春麦之间 ;基因型 (G)、环境 (E)以及基因型与环境互作 (G× E)都不同程度地影响面粉的糊化特性。峰值粘度与所有的糊化性状之间均有较高的相关性 (r=0 .5 6～ 0 .93;P<0 .0 1) ,而稀懈值则与多数粘度指标之间的相关未达到显著水平或相关系数较小。     

膏状叶面肥及液体钙对大白菜产量和品质的影响

研究了北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所研制的三种膏状叶面肥和液体钙肥在大白菜上的产量效应和品质效应。结果表明,喷施大量元素类、腐殖酸类、氨基酸类膏状叶面肥和均比只喷清水的处理增产,增幅在4.3%～6.2%;喷施以硝酸钙为主成份的液体钙肥能够使大白菜增产10.5%。同时,喷施试验用叶面肥能够降低大白菜体内硝酸盐含量,喷施大量元素类膏状叶面肥和腐殖酸类膏状叶面肥两个处理较对照降低20%左右;腐殖酸类膏状叶面肥处理显著增加了大白菜Vc含量,增幅达25.2%;喷施液体钙肥降低硝酸盐含量15.1%、增加Vc含量23.8%。