Paraquat Resistance in Leaf Discs of PAAG12-IPTModified Gerbera Is Related to the Activities of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Dehydroascorbate Reductase

In this paper, using in vitro leaf disc culture system, the changes of contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble protein, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance （TBARS）, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated during the incubation of leaf discs of PSAG12-IPT modified gerbera in 0, 25, 50 μmol L^-1 paraquat （PQ） under continuous light intensity of 130 0tool m-2 s-1, compared with the control plant （wild type）. The results showed that PQ treatment significantly decreased the contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and soluble protein, therefore, promoted leaf senescence. However, the decreases in the leaf discs of modified gerbera were considerably smaller. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR） were significantly increased by PQ treatment and with the increasing of PQ concentration, particularly in the modified plants. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） could not be detected in the leaf discs of PQ treatments, which suggested that they were labile to the oxidative stress induced by PQ. As a product of lipid peroxidation, TBARS significantly increased in content with the increase of PQ concentration, while its concentration in the modified plants was significantly lower than that of control plants. Therefore, it could be concluded that the chimeric gene PSAG12-IPTtransfonnexi gerbera leaves had higher antioxidative potential, thus causing the delay of senescence under oxidative stress induced by PQ.     

福州宦溪野生蕉（Musa spp.，AB group）2个PSAG成员的克隆及生物信息学分析

植物光系统Ⅰ反应中心亚基V (photosystem Ⅰ reaction center subunit V,简称PSAG或PS Ⅰ-G)是光合系统Ⅰ的主要组件.具有维持PSⅠ复合体稳定性的重要作用,并与抗盐密切相关.本研究以福州宦溪野生蕉(Musa spp.AB group)叶片为材料,采用同源克隆的方法,首次分离到PSAG基因的2个成员:PSAG1、PSAG2(GenBank登录号分别为JX317082、JX317083),分别为800、827 bp,分别编码150、160个氨基酸;PSAG1、PSAG2的基因组序列分析表明2个成员均没有内含子.生物信息学分析表明:PSAG1、PSAG2具有PSⅠ的X亚基超家族(photosystem Ⅰ reaction center subunitX psaK)保守结构域,是不具有信号肽的跨膜蛋白,具有亲水性:PSAG1、PSAG2均有4个位点发生磷酸化.宦溪野生蕉PSAG在进化过程中形成了特殊的结构特征,即PSAG1和PSAG2没有内含子,并且在不同物种间保守区具有高度的一致性,为保持PSAG功能的稳定性提供了重要保证.     

利用农杆菌浸种法将叶片衰老抑制基因P_(SAG12)-IPT导入普通小麦的研究

 以普通小麦品种西农1376和西农2611为材料,利用农杆菌浸种法获得1株导入了叶片衰老抑制基因PSAG12-IPT转基因植株。经PCR、GUS组织化学染色和Southern杂交分析,证明目的基因已整合到小麦基因组中并在转基因植株中能够稳定遗传。转基因小麦在叶片细胞分裂素(异戊烯基腺嘌呤)含量、叶片衰老进程及农艺性状方面与对照无明显差异,初步表明叶片衰老抑制基因PSAG12-IPT,在转基因植株体内可能未表达或表达量不足。     

转PSAG12-BAS1基因抑制烟草叶片的衰老

衰老被认为是烟草(icotiana tabac um)叶片发育的最后阶段,伴随着叶绿素,脂类等降解,严重影响了光合产物的积累,导致作物产量降低、品质下降.因此,利用转基因技术使烟草在生长期间衰老延迟,光合产物量增加,从而增加产量,同时在收获之后,延缓衰老的叶片,可以维持烟草的新鲜程度,解决储存及运输问题.本研究利用农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的遗传转化法将含有衰老相关基因12 (senescence-associated gene 12,SAG12)启动子驱动光敏色素B激活标签的抑制蛋白1(phyB activationtagged suppressor1,BAS1)基因表达的元件导入烟草中,经抗性筛选和PCR鉴定,共获得45株转基因植株,其中有8株转基因烟草叶片具有衰老延缓现象.在叶片开始衰老时对野生型和转BAS1基因烟草叶片叶绿素含量、保护酶活性检测以及植物生长期状态进行观察测定,结果表明,转BAS1烟草植株叶绿素含量从顶端到基部均高于野生型;野生型和转BAS1基因烟草超氧化物歧化酶(super-oxide dismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量分析表明,转BAS1烟草植株中SOD活性比野生型高了31.98％,MDA含量比野生型降低了48.28％,通过对烟草生长发育过程观察,转基因烟草比野生型烟草衰老延缓10～15 d.在烟草叶片开始衰老时测定野生型和转BAS1基因植物细胞分裂素含量,结果发现,野生型烟草细胞分裂素的含量比转基因烟草降低了40.2％,上述结果说明,转BAS1基因延缓了烟草叶片的衰老,与细胞分裂素含量、保护性酶活性提高以及衰老性启动子启动有关.本研究为进一步研究SAG12-BAS1基因功能机制提供理论依据,同时该基因为创制转基因抗衰老材料提供了基础.     

高世代转P_(SAG12)-IPT基因水稻生育后期的延衰性

以转PASG12-IPT基因水稻东南201自交高世代(T8)株系为材料,对始穗期和蜡熟期剑叶的衰老相关指标测定表明,蜡熟期高世代转PSAG12-IPT基因水稻株系的细胞分裂素含量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率值、CAT活性、SOD活性均显著高于受体品种,部分株系达到极显著水平,而转化株系的MDA含量则明显低于受体品种,POD活性呈无规律变化.由上可见,抑制衰老嵌合基因PSAG12-IPT对水稻叶片的衰老有一定的延缓效应,并能在高世代中稳定表达.     

高世代转PSAG12-IPT基因水稻生育后期的延衰性

以转PASG12-IPT基因水稻东南201自交高世代（T8）株系为材料,对始穗期和蜡熟期剑叶的衰老相关指标测定表明,蜡熟期高世代转PSAG12-IPT基因水稻株系的细胞分裂素含量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率值、CAT活性、SOD活性均显著高于受体品种,部分株系达到极显著水平,而转化株系的MDA含量则明显低于受体品种,POD活性呈无规律变化.由上可见,抑制衰老嵌合基因PSAG12-IPT对水稻叶片的衰老有一定的延缓效应,并能在高世代中稳定表达.     

Paraquat Resistance in Leaf Discs of PSAG12-IPT Modified Gerbera Is Related to the Activities of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Dehydroascorbate Reductase

In this paper, using in vitro leaf disc culture system, the changes of contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble protein, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated during the incubation of leaf discs of PSAG12-IPT modified gerbera in 0, 25, 50 μmol L-1 paraquat (PQ) under continuous light intensity of 130 μmol m-2 s-1, compared with the control plant (wild type). The results showed that PQ treatment significantly decreased the contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and soluble protein, therefore, promoted leaf senescence. However, the decreases in the leaf discs of modified gerbera were considerably smaller. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were significantly increased by PQ treatment and with the increasing of PQ concentration, particularly in the modified plants. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) could not be detected in the leaf discs of PQ treatments, which suggested that they were labile to the oxidative stress induced by PQ. As a product of lipid peroxidation, TBARS significantly increased in content with the increase of PQ concentration, while its concentration in the modified plants was significantly lower than that of control plants. Therefore, it could be concluded that the chimeric gene PSAG12-IPT transformed gerbera leaves had higher antioxidative potential, thus causing the delay of senescence under oxidative stress induced by PQ.     

农杆菌介导的PSAG12-IPT基因转化柳枝稷研究

为延长生物能源作物柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)的叶片功能期,以柳枝稷‘西稷1号’品系的成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为受体,采用农杆菌介导法转化叶片衰老延缓基因P_SAG12-IPT.结果表明:经过农杆菌转化,共培养,抗性愈伤组织筛选、再生和生根培养,在农杆菌介导处理的8500块愈伤组织中共获得了320株转化植株;经PCR检测分析,转化植株中共有19株植株扩增出标记基因潮霉素B磷酸转移酶基因的目标片段,初步表明P_SAG12-IPT基因已整合到柳枝稷基因组中,转化率为0.223%.对柳枝稷转基因植株的叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度和气孔导度进行测定,表明P_SAG12-IPT基因在部分转基因植株中已经表达.     

转P_(SAG12)-IPT基因苎麻株系光合性能研究

以转PSAG12-IPT基因苎麻T0代的株系及对照为材料,在大田环境下,在纤维成熟期测定其功能叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素含量。结果表明,部分转基因株系的净光合速率显著高于受体品系5041,其叶绿素组成成分的含量发生了变化,叶绿素总含量也显著高于对照。可见,导入PSAG12-IPT基因后,部分苎麻株系功能叶片的光合性能得到显著改善。