Decreased transport of orally administered protein into the blood circulation of developing juveniles of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

ABSTRACT: To clarify the quantitative changes in the transport of orally intubated protein into the blood circulation as macromolecules in development, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) extracted from chicken eggs was administered orally to juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica . For the first experiment, which was performed before the commencement of artificial feeding, the oral delivery of 2.0 μg/0.1 g bodyweight of IgY resulted in a rapid increase in plasma IgY to a maximum of 2.30 μg/mL. However, the transport of IgY into the blood decreased significantly in the experiments that followed, which were performed after 12, 25 and 42 days. During this period, bodyweight increased approximately by a factor of eight, and rapid growth of the stomach was observed histologically. Possible contributions for the development of the alimentary canal to the diminishment of intestinal protein assimilation are discussed.     

水稻耐盐机理的研究Ⅲ.不同基因型对NaCl吸收和运转的动力学比较

本文应用动力学研究方法比较了具有不同耐盐性的3组共6个水稻基因型对NaCl吸收和运转的差异,结果表明,在外部低NaCl浓度(0.1mmolL~(-1)时,水稻对Na~+的吸收为被动吸收,耐盐基因型对Na~+的吸收速率显著低于盐敏感基因型;对Cl~-的吸收为主动吸收,不同耐盐性基因型吸收Cl~-的动力学参数(V_(?)、K_(?))差异不显著,在外部高NaCl浓度(50mmolL~(-1))时,耐盐基因型对Na~+和cl~-的吸收速率均低于对应的盐敏感基因型。耐盐基因型水稻的Na~+、cl-从根部向地上部的运转率低于对应的盐敏感基因型,这种差异在高盐浓度时更为明显。表明了耐盐基因型水稻地上部对NaCl的排斥作用是吸收控制和运转控制共同作用的结果,使地上部Na~+、Cl-含量相对降低而显出较高的耐盐性。     

猕猴桃果实成熟前补钙对果实含钙量的影响

猕猴桃果实成熟前用喷叶法和喷果法补钙，可显著提高果实中的钙含量。喷叶较喷果效果好。用Ca(NO3)2喷叶，比用CaCl2处理效果好，差异显著。而果实对CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2的吸收选择性差异不显著。经补钙处理的果实采后进行贮藏效果观察发现：用Ca(NO3)2喷叶处理的果实贮藏性较好，用其喷果处理次之；用CaCl2喷果和喷叶处理的果实贮至28天软果率均达到90％。     

Calcium nutrition of the sugarbeet

Abstract

When sugarbeet seedlings are transferred from a complete nutrient solution to one from which Ca has been withheld, the rootlets and tops fail to develop. The same transfer at the eight‐leaf stage causes the rootlets to become stubby and swollen at the tips and blade expansion becomes modified; particularly the upper portions of the blades attaining nearly full development, which pucker and often develop a cupping or hooding effect; a unique symptom characteristic of Ca deficiency. As each new leaf develops, the blade area becomes smaller until only a black tip remains at the apex of the petiole, which is the symptom referred to as tip‐burn for this petiole and the successively . shorter petioles formed as Ca deficiency increases in severity. Strangely, these symptoms also appear during periods of rapid growth when the nutrient solution contains as much as 10 to 28 milliequivalents per liter of Ca or when soils are high in Ca. This implies that Ca absorption and possibly translocation limits the Ca supply at the growing point. Increasing Mg in the nutrient solution decreases Ca uptake and increases Ca deficiency. Potassium deficiency, unexpectedly, induces Ca deficiency apparently by decreasing the translocation of Ca to the growing point.

These phenomena suggest the hypothesis that when ion absorption takes place from the root exchange site that has the affinity for H > Ca > Mg > K > Na, then the H generated internally replaces, and the roots absorb, Na, K and Mg preferentially. Externally, Ca would be adsorbed preferentially from the nutrient solution by the exchange complex, and with the addition of Mg, it would compete for the common adsorption site of Ca and limit Ca absorption internally. Under these conditions potassium‐deficient nutrient solutions would not induce Ca deficiency by decreasing Ca absorption but rather by decreasing Ca translocation. Theoretically, Ba would replace H more readily than Ca on the exchange complex, and therefore, Ba would be adsorbed preferentially and Ca uptake would increase. This effect of Ba was verified experimentally.

Since the translocation of ⁴⁵Ca to the growing point was found to be unrestricted under Ca‐sufficient and Ca‐deficient conditions and since the formation of insoluble Ca compounds such as phosphate or oxalate did not account for the Ca deficiency at the growing point, the cause of the Ca deficiency at the growing point is most likely the higher priority of the storage root for Ca over tops when leaf blades and storage root are both expanding rapidly. However, Ca retransport from older to younger parts of the sugarbeet plant may be restricted by the formation of Ca phosphate under Ca‐deficient conditions and Ca oxalate under Ca‐sufficient conditions.

Calcium deficiency increases net photosynthesis per unit blade area initially, probably because of blade puckering, but not on a per unit chlorophyll basis.     

微波辐射和浸种对华山松种子生活力和发芽的影响

为了解微波辐射和清水2因素不同水平组合对华山松种子吸水、生活力和种仁发芽率的影响,以及微波辐射结合清水和GA₃溶液浸种3因素对华山松种子发芽率的影响,采用L₉(3⁴)正交设计开展试验实施。结果表明：微波辐射和清水浸种处理组合的种子生活力、种子、种仁和种壳吸水率分别为75.3%～88.0%（CK的为94.7%）、6.63%～10.44%、15.00%～23.80%和0.98%～4.87%,处理组合间种子和种仁吸水率均具有极显著的差异（P < 0.01）;影响生活力的主导因子是微波辐射和清水浸种时间的交互作用,影响种子和种仁吸水率的则是清水浸种时间;测定（TTC法）的和未测定生活力的种仁发芽率分别为4.0%～22.8%和52.7%～90.0%,CK的为4.7%和60.0%,微波辐射是影响种仁发芽率的主导因子。微波辐射结合清水和GA₃溶液浸种的组合,种子场圃发芽率为56.0%～71.6%（CK的为56.0%）,清水和GA₃浸种的交互作用是影响种子场圃发芽率的主导因子。微波辐射和清水浸种的组合降低种子生活力。清水浸种8 h时,种子吸水基本达到饱和;微波辐射15 s,清水浸种12 h后0.05 g/L GA₃溶液浸种,提高华山松种子场圃发芽率,可应用于生产实践。     

FAAS法测定原生态硒米中的微量元素铁和镍

[目的]测定黔东南苗族侗族自治州原生态丹寨精硒米中微量元素铁和镍的含量。[方法]采用正交试验优化仪器最佳工作条件,湿法消解硒米样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定微量元素铁和镍。[结果]原生态丹寨精硒米中微量元素铁和镍的含量分别为8.00和0.50 mg/kg。[结论]该研究方法操作简便,灵敏度高,检出限低。     

低吸油面包糠的制备工艺研究

[目的]制备低吸油率面包糠,以有效利用挂面面头,并为改进油炸食品质量提供新源料。[方法]以挂面面头为主要原料,以吸油率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,进行4因素3水平正交试验,优化低吸油率面包糠的制备工艺,并比较分析了不同原料制备的面包糠的感官、吸油率、微观特性。[结果]低吸油率面包糠的适宜制备工艺条件为发酵温度28℃,发酵时间2.5 h,烘烤时间30 min,烘烤温度190℃,此条件下面包糠的吸油率为20.41%。面包糠的显微结构致密度与其吸油率高低密切相关。[结论]以挂面面头和面粉为主要原料制备低吸油率面包糠不仅拓展了挂面面头的应用市场,而且为油炸食品提供了新型的涂膜材料。     

干法灰化—石墨炉原子吸收法测定面制食品中铝含量

建立了面制食品中铝残留量的石墨炉原子吸收测定方法。通过干法灰化样品,筛选最佳石墨炉原子吸收分析条件,并对面制食品中铝进行测定。结果显示,该法在质量浓度20～50μg/L内呈线性关系,相关系数R=0.9998,回收率96.4%～98.5%,RSD为1.46%～3.32%;定量限下限7.35μg/L,最低检出质量浓度3.50μg/L。该方法结果符合要求,操作简便、快速、准确、干扰小、检出限低,适用于面制食品中铝含量的测定。     

NaCl胁迫下栽培型番茄Na+、K+吸收、分配和转运特性

【目的】明确盐分胁迫下栽培型番茄离子吸收、分配和转运特性。【方法】以栽培番茄为试材,以NaCl溶液为盐分胁迫条件,通过苗期耐盐性鉴定,采用原子吸收光谱法测定不同耐盐性番茄品种体内离子含量,对盐分胁迫下番茄体内离子积累、分布和转运机制进行系统分析。【结果】番茄对Na+的吸收随盐分处理浓度和时间的增加而增加,在各器官的积累量顺序为根＞茎＞叶。对于较耐盐品种,Na+在体内的积累总量低于盐敏感品种。盐分胁迫后,番茄叶片、茎和根系中Na+/K+比均随NaCl浓度的升高而升高。耐盐品种的Na+/K+比低于盐敏感品种。离子在体内的区域化分布情况是,较耐盐品种的Na+在根茎中的分配比例较高,盐敏感品种趋向于向叶片分配。K+在较耐盐品种的分布集中于叶片。在盐胁迫初期,盐分处理浓度超过200 mmol&#8226;L-1时,番茄植株对K+向地上部的选择运输性随着胁迫时间的延长呈现出下降的趋势。低于200 mmol&#8226;L-1时,表现出很好的选择运输性,耐盐品种的Sk/Na(运输)高于盐敏感品种,根系表现出更强的向地上部运输K+的能力。【结论】盐分胁迫下,叶片中较低的Na+含量和更强的向地上部运输K+的能力是番茄耐盐性的重要特征。     

邻二氮菲-铁(Ⅲ)测定半胱氨酸

研究了邻二氮菲-Fe3+与半胱氮酸的反应,发现半胱氨酸浓度在1.0×10-5~1.8×10-4mol.L-1范围内其产物吸光度值符合朗伯比耳定律。检测限1.0×10-6mol.L-1,表观摩尔吸光系数7.9×103L.mol-1.cm-1。采用本法测定谷氨酸、赖氨酸、半胱氨酸混合试样中半胱氨酸含量,相对标准偏差≤2%,结果令人满意。