微波等离子处理对脲醛胶性能的影响

脲醛树脂胶粘剂是木材加工领域应用最广泛的胶粘剂,在保障其胶合性能的前提下降低脲醛胶的甲醛释放量是社会关注的焦点和难点。通过试验,研究不同的微波等离子处理方法对脲醛树脂胶粘剂的固化时间、适用期、胶合强度、游离甲醛含量的影响。试验结果表明:等离子处理对脲醛树脂胶粘剂的固化时间和适用期的影响不明显;合适的等离子处理条件可以改善脲醛胶的胶合性能;与未经等离子处理脲醛胶相比,等离子处理后脲醛胶的游离甲醛含量显著降低。     

银杏叶总黄酮提取方法的比较研究

采用正交试验法研究了溶剂乙醇的浓度、浸泡时间以及超声波提取时间3个因素对提取银杏叶中总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明:银杏叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺是60%的乙醇浸泡10h后用超声波法提取25m in。用ZTC1+1天然澄清剂除杂,虽然回收率减低了25.81个百分点,但使银杏叶黄酮的纯度提高了7.13个百分点。微波水提取的效果优于超声乙醇提取和超声水提取。     

Energy metabolism and apoptotic effect of microwave radiation on rat myocardial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of microwave radiation at different intensities on the rat myocardium and its possible mechanism.METHODS: The rats were radiated by the intensity of 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 W/m² with 2 450 MHz microwave for 6 min. The heart tissue was collected 6 h after microwave radiation. ATP and mitochondria complex Ⅳ and Ⅴ were measured. The changes of the tissue structures were observed under transmission electron microscope. The apoptosis of the myocardial cells was detected by a cell analyzer. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: The concentration of ATP and activity of mitochondria complex Ⅳand Ⅴ signi-ficantly decreased compared with control group in the cardiac tissues. The decreased number, morphological abnormalities such as dissolved cavitation, matrix and obvious tumefaction of mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscope. The microwave radiation induced the apoptosis of myocardial cells in the rats. The cell apoptotic rate and the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 increased with increasing intensity of microwave radiation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation has obvious injury effect on the rat heart, which can cause cardiac energy metabolism dysregulation and cardiac myocyte apoptosis.     

微波固样方法研究与应用

采用4种不同微波固样工艺以常规蒸汽固样为对照进行了研究比较,认为用微波火Ⅳ3min（加盖）固样→摊凉→微波火Ⅰ连续8min（敞开）烘至八成千→烘箱烘至足干的方法可替代常规蒸汽固样,特别适合茶树育种单株早期鉴定时样品总数多、单个样品量少的固样。     

月季干燥花护形护色的研究

以广州当地红色切花月季为试材,分别采用细沙、硅胶、硅胶+细沙这3种包埋剂,结合高火、中高火、中火这3种微波火力和5个不同干燥时间的试验处理组合,通过分析月季花朵在干燥过程中花色、花瓣质感、花瓣牢固性等指标的变化规律,研究了鲜花干制过程中的保色保形问题.结果表明:包埋剂结合微波处理能有效的降低干燥花花瓣的皱缩程度,提高干花的综合外观品质;其中硅胶+细沙包埋结合微波中高火4min处理的保色保形效果最佳.     

白胡椒微波干燥特性及数学模型研究

利用功率分别为200、400、600、800W的微波对白胡椒进行干燥试验.试验结果表明,与传统晾晒干燥工艺相比,微波干燥胡椒的时间大为缩短,但干燥后的白胡椒易开裂,微波功率越大,品质越差;利用3种方程建立薄层白胡椒微波干燥模型,并进行比较分析,结果显示基于Page方程的白胡椒微波干燥模型变量间相关性大,模型具有极显著意义,方程拟合效果较合理.对不同功率微波干燥得到的白胡椒产品进行感官评价,结果表明采用微波干燥方法得到的白胡椒产品品质随微波功率的升高而变差.     

大叶类卷曲形绿茶加工工艺的优化研究

以福鼎大毫茶为原料,以摊放程度、杀青方式、二青方式为因素,进行3因素2水平L4(23)正交试验,从感官品质、生化成分含量、茶汤色度值和滋味化学鉴定得分等品质指标探讨微波杀青、微波二青工艺对大叶类卷曲形绿茶品质的影响。结果表明,微波工艺对提高绿茶"清汤绿叶"品质和滋味鲜爽度有益,能够显著提升卷曲形绿茶的色泽、明亮度、绿度、鲜度和总体品质。综合感官审评结果和品饮习惯,认为卷曲形绿茶的优选工艺流程为:"摊放减重率20%~25%→微波杀青→揉捻→炒二青→搓团提毫→烘干"(即Q4),制出的卷曲形绿茶外形色泽绿润、梗鲜绿,与传统工艺的品质风格迥然不同,香气清纯、滋味鲜爽、汤色绿艳、叶底绿亮均匀。     

茶叶微波固样技术研究

以苹云和福鼎大毫两个品种的一芽二叶为材料,进行微波固样研究,并以蒸青固样进行比较,结果表明：微波固样效果优于蒸青固样;不同茶树品种其主要生化成分及水浸出物等存在不同程度的差异性;不同微波时间对水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素总量的影响差异显著,而对氨基酸、总黄酮、可溶性糖和咖啡碱的影响不明显;对苹云来说,微波时间控制在80s时茶多酚、氨基酸、水浸出物、儿茶素总量的保留量最大;福鼎大毫则以微波时间控制在60s时,各生化成分可获得最大保留量。所以,茶叶微波固样时间宜控制在60～80s。     

Effects of microwave drying on the contents of functional constituents of Eucommia ulmoides flower tea

In order to make male flower tea of Eucommia ulmoides, this paper systematically investigated the effects of microwave drying, a newly emerging drying method, on the contents of functional constituents contained in the flower (such as total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, aucubin and geniposidic acid) from the aspects of microwave output power and time of treatment. A comparison was conducted in the view of tea quality between microwave drying and conventional drying methods used in tea manufacturing, such as pan baking drying and oven ventilation baking drying. The results indicated that microwave drying method could maximally maintain the functional constituents. Further comparison on sensory quality showed that by microwave drying mode, the shape of the stamens of the flower was intact, the color was greenish, the liquor of the flower tea was fresh with strong Eucommia male flower flavor.     

ICP-AES法测定黄山名茶中的多种微量元素

用 IRIS Intrepid II XSP ICP全谱直读等离子体发射光谱仪,对黄山名茶中 Se、Fe、Mn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn等微量元素进行了测定,通过试验,选择了仪器的最佳分析条件。方法简便快速,精密度和准确度均符合要求。该方法用于实际茶叶样品分析,结果令人满意。