Protection and fastness of green color of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) treated with chromium-based reagents

The attractive green color of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) culms fades without chemical treatment. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) has been used to protect the green color of bamboo, but CCA is harmful to factory workers and the environment. To overcome the toxicity of arsenic in CCA, two chromium-based formulas developed by the authors, chromated copper phosphate (CCP) and chromated phosphate (CP), were evaluated for their protection of the green color of moso bamboo. The results revealed that bamboo treated with CP had a greener color than those treated with CCA or CCP. The concentration, treatment time, and CrO₃/H₃PO₄ ratio in CP solution greatly affected the color of moso bamboo culms. The attractive green color, which resembles the color of fresh-cut moso bamboo, was obtained by treating bamboo with 2% CP solution at 60°C for 3h, using a 11 CrO₃/H₃PO₄ ratio in aqueous solution. In addition, the CP-treated moso bamboo exhibited excellent green color fastness in both accelerated ultraviolet lightfastness testing and outdoor weathering exposure.     

Improvements in dimensional stability and lightfastness of wood by butyrylation using microwave heating

Microwave heating was used as the heat source for butyrylation of wood with the aim of reducing the reaction time. The photostability and dimensional stability of butyrylated wood were also investigated in this study. Chemical changes of wood were confirmed by cross polarization/magic angle spin ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) after butyrylation by microwave heating. Results from DRIFT with the Si-Carb sampling technique revealed that, using microwave heating, a higher degree of butyrylation of maple wood occurred in the middle of the specimen than on the outer surface. The increase in yellowness index of butyrylated wood treated with microwave heating was much less than that of untreated wood after the lightfastness test, indicating that photoyellowing of wood is effectively inhibited by butyrylation using microwave heating. The dimensional stability of wood was also improved after modification.     

红松木材透明涂饰涂膜耐光性的研究

采用监测表面颜色和光泽度变化的方法，对红松木醇酸树脂清漆，硝基清漆和聚氨脂清漆涂膜的耐光性进行了研究，结果发现，三种涂料受光后的易发生变色，但三种涂料的耐光性硝基漆最差，聚所酯漆居中，醇酸制酯漆最好，建议在使用时添加紫外线吸收剂，提高漆膜的耐光性。     

Relation between chemical structure of yellow disperse dyes and their lightfastness

Five yellow disperse dyes were synthesized and their dyeing, fastness and photodegradation behaviors were investigated. It was found that dyes derived from phenylindole and N-alkylaminobenzene showed dye uptake directly proportional to the dye concentration, but the build-up of dyes derived from carbazole and pyridone were not good. The wavelength at maximum absorption, molar extinction coefficient, and the tendency to the photodegradation were strongly dependent on the electron donating ability of the coupling component. The dye, whose coupling component was phenylindole, possessed the excellent dyeing properties and the high degree of lightfastness. UVA had an effect on the inhibition of the photodegradation especially for the easily photodegradable dyes.     

Copper salts in the post-metallization of non-genotoxic direct dyes

Copper (II) salts are used as metallizing agents in the synthesis of new non-genotoxic direct dyes for cotton. Specifically, cotton fabric is dyed with non-genotoxic disazo direct dyes and then treated with copper salts. The complexes are characterized by neutron activation analysis, absorption spectrometry and standard Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay, and the after-treated fabrics are evaluated for lightfastness and washfastness. Direct dyes possessingortho-propoxy andortho’-hydroxy substituted systems formed the corresponding nonmutagenic 1:2 dye:metal complex and undergo significant improvement in lightfastness following metallization.     

壳聚糖前处理染色木材耐光性的研究

对壳聚糖前处理与未处理（对照）染色木材耐光性的研究表明,山杨等６种壳聚糖处理与未处理木材用同一染料染色并辐射１０小时后,处理材色差均比未处理材低;经壳聚糖前处理与未处理的安息香木才,用四种不同染料染色,染色材耐光性优于未处理材,但随染料种类不同略有差异。