红壤旱地红麻亩产熟麻250公斤栽培技术优化数学模型的研究

本研究用不同肥料配比和不同密度的相互关系,及其对产量的影响,利用二次正交旋转组合设计进行试验,并用计算机模拟,求得各指标的四元二次方程和各指标的最佳方案,对主效和互作进行了分析,得出了具有理论与实验意义的结论。以1号方案为最佳,2、3号方案与1号方案相差不大,也可根据实际情况加以选用。     

红麻光合特性和干物质生产的品种间差异的初步研究 Ⅰ.净同化率

利用盆栽和大田试验在不同生长季节、不同生长期测定30多个红麻品种的净同化率.结果表明,品种间净同化率存在显著差异;目前大面积种植的两个品种的净同化率接近于所测品种的平均值;不同季节测定的净同化率显著正相关,且表明有相似的遗传力;苗期与生长中期的净同化率显著正相关。因此,可以认为在不同季节性气候条件下以及在苗期和生长中期都可能根据净同化率测定值选择和鉴定具较高光合能力的品种或品系,且有可能找出净同化率比目前大面积种植的品种高的品种或品系。     

利用ISSR分子标记分析44份红麻种质资源的遗传多样性

[目的]揭示不同地区来源红麻材料的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,为红麻遗传改良和分子标记辅助育种提供依据。[方法]用ISSR分子标记方法分析44份不同地区来源红麻种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,从91个ISSR引物中筛选出多态性较好、条带最清晰的21个引物对其进行PCR扩增,采用NTSYSpc-2．10e分析软件计算样品间的遗传相似系数,同时用UPGMA进行聚类分析,构建聚类图。[结果]21条引物共扩增出169条带,平均每个引物扩增出8．05条,其中多态性条带共141条,多态性条带比率为83．4％;当在遗传相似系数为o．887处作切割线L1时,可将44份红麻材料中的32份栽培品种与12份野生半野生材料分开;当在遗传相似系数为o．897处作切割线L2时,可将32份栽培种进一步细分为4个亚群;栽培种与野生半野生种间的遗传相似系数在o．47～0．91之间,表现出较大的遗传差异性,而32份栽培种材料中,遗传相似系数在o．85～0．97之间,表明栽培种材料间的亲缘关系较近,遗传多样性较为狭窄。[结论]ISSR可以较好地确定红麻种质资源的遗传多样性的亲缘关系,能够为杂交育种亲本选择组配提供有价值的分子水平上的信息,可为开展红麻核心种质DNA图谱研究奠定基础。     

Manufacture and mechanical properties of binderless boards from kenaf core

Binderless boards were prepared from finely ground powders of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) core under varying manufacturing conditions. This research was designed to investigate their mechanical properties and evaluate the various manufacturing conditions: pressing temperature and time, pressing pressure, board density, board thickness, grain size of raw materials, and addition of furfural. The mechanical properties (i.e., modulus of rupture and elasticity, internal bonding strength) of boards increased with increasing board density and met the requirement for 15 type medium-density fiberboard (MDF) by JIS A 5905-1994. Thickness swelling and water absorption of boards exceeded the maximum permitted levels for 15 type MDF and S20 grade hardboard by JIS A 5905-1994, which indicates the low water-resistant property of binderless boards. In contrast to that in usual wood-based materials, internal bonding strength showed significant correlations with other board properties: modulus of rupture and elasticity, thickness swelling, and water absorption. We confirmed experimentally that the best manufacturing conditions proved to be as follows: pressing temperature 180°C, time 10min; pressing pressure 5.3MPa; board thickness 5mm; board density 1.0g/cm³; average grain size 53µm; and powder with no furfural content.Part of this paper was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002     

Chemical changes in steam-pressed kenaf core binderless particleboard

The effects of chemical changes in kenaf core binderless particleboards on the bonding performance and thickness swelling of boards were investigated by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. Mild steam-injection treatments (0.6–1.0MPa) caused significant degradation of hemicelluloses, lignin, and cellulose. Conventional hot pressing caused a lower degree of degradation of the chemical components. The hot-pressed kenaf core board without any binders showed poor bonding performance. Thus, it was found that partial degradation of the three major chemical components of the kenaf core by mild steam-injection treatment increased the bonding performance and dimensional stability of the binderless boards, and gave better quality binderless boards than those made by hot-pressing treatments.Part of this report was presented at the 4th International Wood Science Symposium, Serpong, Indonesia, September 2002; and at the 53rd Annual Meeting of The Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, March 2003     

Structural characteristics of cell walls of kenaf (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hibiscus cannabinus </Emphasis>L.) and fixation of carbon dioxide

 Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) plants are widely known for their contribution to the global and regional environment because of their ability to fix CO₂. On the other hand, some scientists have doubts about CO₂ fixation by kenaf and have misgivings about the effect of kenaf on the ecosystem. We have characterized the structural characteristics of cell walls of bast fibers, cores, roots, and leaves of kenaf during the maturation of plants and investigated the rate of photosynthesis. During maturation of the kenaf plant the cellulose (bast fiber 52–59%, core 44–46%) and lignin (bast fiber 9.3–13.2%, core 18.3–23.2%) contents increased significantly. The aromatic composition of the lignin of bast fiber was significantly different from that of the core lignin and of other plants. The lignin of bast fiber appears similar to pure syringyl lignin. Fixation of CO₂ by kenaf plants and their contribution to the global environment are discussed. A significatly high rate of photosynthesis of kenaf plants was observed compared to that of woody plants in Japan, but the amount of CO₂ fixation depends on the characteristics of the plantation. If the kenaf was planted in high density, about twice as much CO₂ was fixed as was fixed by trees in a tropical rain forest. Received: April 22, 2002 / Accepted: July 24, 2002 Acknowledgments This project was supported by the Science and Technology Agency (STA) fellowship of the Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center (JISTEC), which has been successfully applied by Dr. Shuji Hosoya, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. We thank Dr. Toshio Sumizono and Mr. Masao Sakurai, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, for their kind help in determining the rate of photosynthesis and cultivating the kenaf plants, respectively. We also express our appreciation to Dr. Quang Hung Le, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for offering information about the cultivation of kenaf at Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City.     

裂叶红麻的光合器官数量性状与麻皮产量相关性分析

对６个裂叶红麻品种（系）不同光合器官的数量性状与干皮产量作了相关分析。结果表明总叶数、７裂叶数及麻皮长和麻皮宽的光合器官之间及与干皮产量之间的相关都是显著的，而圆叶数、３裂叶数及５裂叶数与干皮产量相关不显著。总对数、７裂叶数及麻皮长的数量性状其广义和狭义遗传力都很低．表明主要光合器官的表现易受环境影响，注意选择圆叶数性状可能有助于培育高产品种。     

红麻种质资源农艺性状的遗传变异和数量分类

 本文对67份红麻种质资源的生育特征、经济性状和纤维品质进行了研究。鉴定出一批具有遗传研究和育种利用价值的特异种质资源。如古巴6号、S-55、BG163、NA91、印度红等；分析了主要经济性状的遗传变异，发现单株生物产量遗传变异度最大，株形性状的变异度最小，其余性状居中。对种质资源进行了主成分分析和聚类分析，按欧氏距离值的大小，将其中有代表性的35份种质资源聚类为2群、3类、6组。     

Development and characterization of carbon-honeycomb monoliths from kenaf natural fibers: A preliminary study

A series of carbon-honeycomb monoliths from kenaf natural fibers (KNF) have been prepared and characterized. Firstly, KNF were physically mixed with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) as a binder and next the mixture was extruded through a die to form disc type monoliths. After the extrusion, the monoliths were dried, carbonized and, finally, physically activated with synthetic air at different temperatures (350-550 °C). The carbon-honeycomb monoliths were characterized by N₂ adsorption at −196 °C, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicate that the method proposed in this work was suitable for the synthesis of solid carbon monoliths with the presence of large meso- and macropores like long parallel and straight canals extended through their structure. MIP data and SEM images illustrate an evident and progressive aperture of the blocked parallel channels with an increase of the activation temperature.     

红麻品种在闽南地区的适应性试验

2009～2010年在福建闽南地区对8个红麻品种进行了2年区域试验和1年生产性试验,结果表明:各参试品种的平均原麻产量均比对照福红951增产,且主要经济性状优良,均适合于福建闽南麻区种植。