ICARDA小麦种质抗条锈资源筛选和抗病基因分析

为给中国小麦抗条锈病育种筛选有效抗源,对203份来自ICARDA的小麦种质,利用杨凌人工病圃和天水、江油自然诱发病圃进行成株期条锈病抗性鉴定,利用条锈菌当前流行小种条中32(CYR32)和条中34(CYR34)在温室进行苗期分小种鉴定,利用 Yr5、 Yr9、 Yr10、 Yr15、 Yr17、 Yr18、 Yr26等抗条锈病基因已开发的分子标记进行基因检测。结果表明,203份材料中107份具有稳定的成株期抗性,31份苗期表现为专化抗性。从这些具有稳定抗病性的材料中,检测到抗条锈病基因 Yr9(51份)、 Yr10(2份)、 Yr17(30份)和 Yr18(56份),未检测到 Yr5、 Yr15、 Yr26;有12份抗条锈表现良好的材料未检测到任何基因,推测其可能携带未开发分子标记的已知基因或新基因。因此,这107份具有稳定抗性的材料可用于中国小麦抗条锈病育种,其中12份可能含有未知基因的材料有待进一步的遗传研究。     

Molecular characterization of storage proteins for selected durum wheat varieties grown in different environments

The variations of the amounts of individual high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), of the ratios HMW-GSy to HMW-GSx and HMW-GS to low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) and of protein content were evaluated for eight durum wheat cultivars in two regions using four fertilizer combinations during two successive years. All measured parameters showed significant variation with genotypes (G), environments (E) and fertilizers (F). The interaction E × G × F was highly significant for glutenin amount variation. Amongst cultivars possessing HMW-GS 20, landraces seem to better value the N-fertilizer use for the accumulation of HMW-GSy than high yielding cultivars. Both HMW-GSy to HMW-GSx and HMW-GS to LMW-GS ratios were found to be positively correlated (p < 0.05) with total protein content.