Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.     

甘蓝型双低隐性核不育杂交种沪油杂1号的选育

沪油杂1号(原编号SH-19)是利用隐性上位互作核雄性不育系20118A育成的甘蓝型双低杂交油菜品种.20118A的育性由2对隐性重叠基因和1对隐性上位基因控制,基因型为aabbRfRf,临保系的基因型为aabbrfrf,恢复系的基因型为AA__或__BB__.沪油杂1号种子含油量42.43%,芥酸含量0.62%,硫甙含量24.23μmol/g.在上海市油菜区域试验中平均产量2 243.3kg/hm2,比双高对照汇油50增产11.9%,比双低对照沪油15增产3.8%;在上海市油菜生产试验中平均产量2 244.0kg/hm2,分别比对照汇油50增产33.6%,比对照沪油15增产15.9%.     

宿主域扩大的苜蓿尺蠖核多角体杂交型病毒

将家蚕核型多角体病毒 (BombyxmoriNuclearPolyhedrosisVirus,BmNPV)的解链酶基因DNA和苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒 (AutographacalifonicaMultipleNuclearPolyhedrosisVirus,AcMNPV)的基因组DNA共转染到秋粘虫细胞系Sf 2 1,经过累代的筛选获得既能感染家蚕细胞 ,又能感染秋粘虫细胞的宿主域扩大的杂交型病毒HyNPV。     

浅谈阜新杂交沙棘的优良类型及适应性

介绍了阜新杂交沙棘来源及从优树中选育出的有发展前途的7个优良类型。这些杂交沙棘在没有土、肥、水管理的条件下,经1999～2002年连续干旱,虽然严重影响生长和果实产量,但是却能生存下来并有一些产量,而附近两片中国沙棘到2003年已有95%的植株死亡;在虫害方面,杂交沙棘虽然也遭木蠹蛾为害,但为害的速度比中国沙棘慢得多,表现出很强的适应性。     

收获期对杂交早稻品质的影响

研究了不同收获期对杂交早稻稻米品质的影响 ,结果表明 :不同收获期处理间稻米的糙米率、精米率、长宽比、垩白指数及直链淀粉含量均无显著差异 ,但胶稠度及蛋白质含量均存在显著差异 ,以抽穗后 35d收获的稻米胶稠度最高 ,以抽穗后 2 5d收获的稻米蛋白质含量最高     

Utilization of Aromatic Rice in Improving Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice

ThesuccessfuldevelopmentandcommercialuseofhybridricehasgreatlyraisedriceyieldlevelinChina .However ,ithasbeenagreatchallengeforbreederstoim provethegrainqualityofhybridricewithoutsacrificeofitsyield ,i.e .,todevelophybridricecombinationswithgoodgrainqualityaswellashighyield .AromaticricelikeBasmatiinIndiaandPakistanandJasmineinThailand ,isfamousforitshighqualityandu niquepleasantflavorofaroma ,soitishighlyfavoredbyriceconsumersaroundtheworld .Itmightbeaneffectiveapproachtoimprovethegrainqual…     

雄蚕杂交种的应用研究

总结了4年8个蚕期利用家蚕性连锁平衡致死第转育改良组配成的7对雄蚕杂交组合的饲养试验。结果表明雄蚕杂交种具有食桑省、叶丝转化率高、能够大幅度提高蚕出丝率、茧丝质量优异等优点，具有广阔的推广应用前景，对于改造提升传统蚕丝业具有重要意义。     

极早熟大白菜新品种豫新50的选育

采用游离小孢子培养双单倍体技术快速育成早熟大白菜杂交一代新品种豫新50。结果表明:豫新50为极早熟耐热品种,从播种到采收50-56d,高抗病毒病和软腐病,抗霜霉病;平均667m2产净菜2716.87kg,株形紧凑,适宜密植;叶球矮桩叠抱,整齐度高,商品性好;质地柔嫩,风味佳,每100g鲜样含粗蛋白质1.19g,粗纤维0.40g,维生素C20.8mg,可溶性糖2.80g。     

双低菜籽粕在饲料中的应用

双低菜籽粕具有高产优质的特点,其饲用品质优于普通菜籽粕,营养价值与豆粕相当,被广泛应用于饲料。为了更有效开发其对饲料业和养殖业的应用潜力,本文就双低菜籽粕的营养价值和在动物饲用方面进行的一系列的基础性研究作一简要介绍。     

披碱草和野大麦及其杂种苗期抗旱性研究

在室内人工模拟干旱条件,测定了干旱胁迫下披碱草和野大麦及其杂种幼苗的相对含水量、细胞膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量的变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫下亲本披碱草幼苗的组织相对含水量下降的幅度最低,细胞膜受害最轻,游离脯氨酸积累的最多,相对生长率最高,表现出很强的抗旱性。亲本野大麦幼苗的组织相对含水量下降的幅度最大,细胞膜受害最重,游离脯氨酸积累的最少,相对生长率最低,抗旱性弱。杂种F1幼苗的保水能力、细胞膜受害程度和游离脯氨酸积累能力、相对生长率均介于双亲之间,亦即其抗旱能力大于野大麦而小于披碱草,表现为双亲的中间型。正、反交对杂种F1的抗旱能力没有明显影响。