A new lean no time test baking method with improved discriminating power

In response to customer concerns related to gluten strength in commercial baking, the Canadian Grain Commission assessed whether the Canadian Short Process (CSP) test bake method was generating useful data related to intrinsic strength of wheat varieties. Assessment of CSP loaf volume data for Canadian variety trials spanning 2003 to 2013 showed very little correlation with dough strength parameters as measured by farinograph and extensigraph. A lean no time (LNT) test baking method was developed that can better discriminate genotypes and provide objective indicators of the effect of intrinsic dough strength on baking quality. From early method development, through method validation and verification using diverse sets of samples targeting different Canadian wheat classes and grown in three different crop years, results showed the LNT method to be more discriminating and easily adopted by other laboratories. In 2015, the LNT method was adopted as the method of choice in future Canadian variety registration trials. The LNT method is fast, simple and well-suited to high throughput test baking conditions encountered in the evaluation of large numbers of breeder lines. A new objective parameter, loaf top ratio, was also introduced and found to correlate well with dough strength and dough handling properties.     

硬质合金刀片切削力控制器的设计及仿真

针对硬态切削条件下的切削力控制问题,建立了控制模型,使用MATLAB/SIMULINK设计了PID/PD控制器,对径向力的控制效果进行了仿真。结果表明:通过调节进给量能够有效地控制径向切削力变化,同时,能够较好地控制刀具的磨损速率。     

内蒙古中东部野生扁蓿豆种子硬实性的研究

扁蓿豆是抗逆性极强的优良牧草,但其种子发芽率低,具有65 %～75 %的硬实。在恒温25℃时发芽率较高,在变温20 ～30℃时发芽率最高,若温度超过30℃或低于15℃时发芽被抑制,但短时间高温处理有利于促进发芽。采用机械或浓硫酸处理,发芽率分别比对照高40.6 %和45.6 %。野生种子的硬实率与采集地气温,特别是与7月份温度有着很高的正相关关系,而且不同产地的种子表现出较大的差异,以赤峰市北部采到的居群硬实率最高,比呼和浩特市采集的居群高9 %。随着储藏年限的推移,种子的硬实率不断下降,发芽率增加,储藏3.5年的种子发芽率达到了67.0 %,表明扁蓿豆种子采集后通过室温储藏可以达到提高发芽率的效果。     

西宁地区智能温室“宁杞7号”硬枝扦插技术研究

本文采用不同扦插基质、不同植物生长调节剂及同一植物生长调节剂-ABT的不同浸泡时间,观察宁杞7号硬枝扦插成活率的影响,结果表明以上层东北泥炭+下层净河沙=2∶1的扦插基质生根效果最好,成活率达86.7%。在不同植物生长调节剂与浸泡时间对插穗生根效果的影响中,以ABT生根粉生根效果较好,浸泡时间宜采用4-5h,成活率分别达88.3%和81.7%。     

东北产4种鹿角的无机元素分析

对东北产的梅花鹿角、马鹿角、驼鹿角和狍角进行了 2 1种元素的测定 ,结果表明 ,4种鹿角的必需宏量元素钙、镁、磷的含量非常高 ,同时富含铁、铜、锌、锰等必需微量元素     

早熟硬粒型玉米自交系H21选育研究

１９７８年以来，作者坚持了以超黄早４为主要目标的早熟粒型玉米自交系选育研究，取得的主要成果为Ｈ２１。用Ｈ２１取代烟单１４号，鲁玉２号，掖单４号等组合的黄早４亲本，均比原组合表现优越，取代西玉３号中的“５０２”亲本，Ｆ１产量也有所提高，Ｈ２１选育成功的关键，一是选用中国和美国玉米品种资源来组配优缺点互补的基本材料；二是紧扣育种目标，加大选择压力，采用骨干系测交，迅速育成了超标的新杂交种。     

Cotton management in a compacted subsurface microirrigated coastal plain soil of the southeastern US

A loamy sand Acrisol (Aquic Hapludult) that had been microirrigated for 6 years became so severely compacted that it had root limiting values of soil cone index in the Ap horizon and a genetic hardpan below it. Deep and surface tillage systems were evaluated for their ability to alleviate compaction. Deep tillage included subsoiling or none. Both deep tillage treatments were also surface tilled by disking, chiseling, or not tilling. Subsoiling was located in row or between rows to avoid microirrigation tubes (laterals) that were buried under every other mid row or every row. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was planted in 0.96-m wide rows. Cotton yield was improved by irrigation from 485 to 1022 kg ha⁻¹ because both 2001 and 2002 were dry years. Tillage loosened the soil by an average of 0.5–1.3 MPa; but compacted zones remained outside tilled areas. Subsoiling improved yield by 131 kg ha⁻¹ when performed in row where laterals were placed in the mid rows; but subsoiling did not improve yield when it was performed in mid rows. For subsurface irrigation management in these soils, the treatment with laterals buried under every other mid row was able to accommodate in-row subsoiling which improved yield; and this treatment was just as productive as and had been shown to be less expensive to install than burying laterals under every row.     

民企与政府关系扭曲诱因剖析

当前民营企业和政府关系存在两种扭曲现象,对企业经营有很大不利影响。从文化和制度两方面对此进行剖析,指出官商情结浓重和强政府干预的市场环境是两个主要原因,因此企业应该和政府保持一种谨慎的和谐关系才能保证企业顺利发展。     

蓝花棘豆硬实种子特性的研究

每天从发芽皿中挑选吸胀的蓝花棘豆种子作为对照。第一天的称为CK1，依此类推分别为CK2，CK3……等。对照种子的硬实程度随着吸胀时间的延长而增强，即CK5＞CK4＞CK3＞CK2＞CK1。将第八天尚未吸胀的作为硬实种子。用浓硫酸处理25分钟。结果表明，硬实种子的发芽率、活力指数、脱氢酶活性及抗逆性均高于对照。后者CK1→CK5的上述指标呈逐渐上升趋势。硬实种子的电导率则低于对照。后者CK1→CK5电导率呈下降趋势。综上所述，作者认为蓝花棘豆中硬实种子的活力高于非硬实种子，其活力随着硬实程度的增加而递增。     

Influence of soil water on stress–strain behaviour of a compacting soil in semi-arid Kenya

Depending on the top and subsoil textures, semi-arid soils exhibit cohesive and frictional properties that are associated with the relatively high soil strength, bulk density and penetration resistance. The objective of this study was to gain the knowledge of mechanical properties of the compacting chromic luvisols in order to improve the design of tillage tools. Therefore, we applied critical state soil mechanics to study the stress–strain behaviour of the luvisols using triaxial tests under laboratory conditions. Field investigations involved random collection of undisturbed soil samples which were subjected to triaxial testing first by isotropic consolidation and compression and then triaxial shearing. Plots of deviatoric stress against axial strain were made to determine the soil shear strengths at the critical states over different soil water levels and the two soil depths of 0–20 cm for the plough and 20–40 cm for the hard pan layers, respectively. An exponential model used to fit the deviatoric stress–axial strain test data accurately predicted the trends. Soil water significantly influenced the shear strength, cohesion (c′) and internal angle of friction (′) and hence the mechanical behaviour of the luvisols. The regression equations developed showed that c′ and ′ have quadratic relationships with soil water. The very high clay bonding strength in the subsoil (hard pan) layer resulted in high shear strength, bulk density and penetration resistance values for this soil layer. The increase in shear strength with decreasing water content affected the deviatoric stress–axial strain relationships between the upper and lower plastic limits of the sandy soil. Thus, as the soil dried, the soil ceased to behave in the plastic (ductile flow) manner and thus began to break apart and crumble. The crumbling was indicative of brittle failure. The transition stage from an increase to a decrease in c′ and ′ values with soil water occurred in the soil water content range of 6–10%. Knowledge of stress–strain behaviour of compacting soils is of practical significance in the design of appropriate tillage tools for the specific soil type.