黄牛血糖测定三种不同方法的比较研究

选择10～36月龄的役用母黄牛5头。用邻甲苯胺(o-TB)法、葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)法和福-吴(Folin-Wu)二氏法进行血糖含量的测定。结果分别是:3.76±0.29mmoL/L、3.73±0.21mmoL/L和3.71±0.24mmoL/L。经统计分析,三种不同方法测定血糖的结果差异不显著(P>0.05),其中以邻甲苯胺法较为理想,它具有所需试剂种类少、测定时间短和操作简单的优点。建议以其作为黄牛血糖测定的首选方法。     

Fungal and bacterial N2O production regulated by soil amendments of simple and complex substrates

Fungal N₂O production results from a respiratory denitrification that reduces NO₃⁻/NO₂⁻ in response to the oxidation of an electron donor, often organic C. Despite similar heterotrophic nature, fungal denitrifiers may differ from bacterial ones in exploiting diverse resources. We hypothesized that complex C compounds and substances could favor the growth of fungi over bacteria, and thereby leading to fungal dominance for soil N₂O emissions. Effects of substrate quality on fungal and bacterial N₂O production were, therefore, examined in a 44-d incubation after soils were amended with four different substrates, i.e., glucose, cellulose, winter pea, and switchgrass at 2 mg C g⁻¹ soil. During periodic measurements of soil N₂O fluxes at 80% soil water-filled pore space and with the supply of KNO₃, substrate treatments were further subjected to four antibiotic treatments, i.e., no antibiotics or soil addition of streptomycin, cycloheximide or both so that fungal and bacterial N₂O production could be separated. Up to d 8 when antibiotic inhibition on substrate-induced microbial activity and/or growth was still detectable, bacterial N₂O production was generally greater in glucose- than in cellulose-amended soils and also in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. In contrast, fungal N₂O production was more enhanced in soils amended with cellulose than with glucose. Therefore, fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios were greater in complex than in simple C substrates. These ratios were positively correlated with fungal-to-bacterial activity ratios, i.e., CO₂ production ratios, suggesting that substrate-associated fungal or bacterial preferential activity and/or growth might be the cause. Considering substrate depletion over time and thereby becoming limited for microbial N₂O production, measurements of soil N₂O fluxes were also carried out with additional supply of glucose, irrespective of different substrate treatments. This measurement condition might lead to potentially high rates of fungal and bacterial N₂O production. As expected, bacterial N₂O production was greater with added glucose than with added cellulose on d 4 and d 8. However, this pattern was broken on d 28, with bacterial N₂O production lower with added glucose than with added cellulose. In contrast, plant residue impacts on soil N₂O fluxes were consistent over 44-d, with greater bacterial contribution, lower fungal contribution, and thus lower fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Real-time PCR analysis also demonstrated that the ratios of 16S rDNA to ITS and the copy numbers of bacterial denitrifying genes were greater in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Despite some inconsistency found on the impacts of cellulose versus glucose on fungal and bacterial leading roles for N₂O production, the results generally supported the working hypothesis that complex substrates promoted fungal dominance for soil N₂O emissions.     

葡萄糖水溶液环境对麦秆水热产物特性的影响

为了研究葡萄糖对水热炭化反应过程和水热焦形成的影响,以麦秆为原料,利用高温高压反应釜,对麦秆在葡萄糖水溶液环境中的炭化反应过程和水热焦理化结构演变及液相产物主要组分浓度分布的变化进行了分析。研究发现,在反应温度220℃,停留时间120 min条件下,随着葡萄糖添加量的增加,水热焦产率和碳质量分数有所增加,而氢和氧质量分数未发生明显改变,当葡萄糖添加量为麦秆质量的0.4倍时,水热焦产率达68.56%;葡萄糖分子阻碍了麦秆中主要化学组分的分解与炭化反应,使得水热焦炭聚合物的红外吸收特征峰减弱,同时XRD衍射峰强度降低,热稳定性下降,如选择水热炭化过程水循环利用,可进行可溶性糖分离;在麦秆与葡萄糖共同水热炭化过程中,葡萄糖以分解反应为主,同未添加葡萄糖的麦秆水热炭化液相产物相比,糠醛、5-HMF和乙酸的质量浓度均有所增加,其中5-HMF增加最为显著,至葡萄糖添加量为4 g时,达20.21 g/L。     

Effects of glucose and Mg2+ in the neurons damaged by glutamate

AIM and METHODS: To observe the effects of glucose-free and Mg²⁺-free in the extracellular fluid on the changes of [Ca ²⁺]_i in the cerebro-cortical neurons damaged by 1mmol/L glutamate using laser confocal scanning microscope. RESULTS: Both frequency and amplitude of neuronal calcium oscillation induced by glutamate were lowered in glucose-free and Mg²⁺-free buffers. The basic [Ca²⁺]_i concentration was lowered in the former case , but it was elevated in the latter case. CONCLUSION: Mg²⁺-free aggravates [Ca²⁺]_i overload induced by 1mmol/L glutamate ,under certain conditions the glucose-free might resist damage role of glutamate and Mg²⁺-free.     

葡萄糖氧化酶基因植物表达载体的构建

为进一步开展转基因研究创造条件,用限制性内切酶将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)基因从pMD/GO载体上切下,定向连接到植物表达载体pROKⅡ的CaMV35S启动子下游和NOS终止子上游,成功地构建了GOD基因植物表达载体pROK/GO。利用冻融法将此表达载体导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,提取转化质粒,经PCR和酶切鉴定表明,GOD基因植物表达双元载体构建成功。     

低氧条件下的冲刺训练对运动员生理生化指标的影响*

目的：研究低氧条件下的冲刺训练对运动员身体内葡萄糖、胰岛素、游离脂肪酸以及乳酸应激条件下的影响。方法：所有运动员都分别参加三组不同实验条件的训练,并且每组训练相隔7天。三组不同训练条件分别为：常氧压的冲刺运动（N组）;中等缺氧的冲刺运动（M组）;高度缺氧的冲刺运动(H组)。每组冲刺运动都在功率自行车上进行,每组运动为4次为时30s的冲刺运动,阻力都为10档,并辅以教练口头激励,每次冲刺运动后恢复6min,并记录每次运动员产生的最高功率以及平均功率。两种不同的低氧条件由低氧面具提供。训练后,分别在运动前抽取血液1次,以及在4次运动完成后5min,30min,60min,120min各取一次,并检测各项指标。结果：1.常氧压组与两组低氧压组相比,血细胞中的葡萄糖含量没有明显的差异,但是,与没有进入运动开始前相比较,冲刺运动后的5min内葡萄糖含量上升显著。2.只有在冲刺运动完成后2h后,体内脂肪酸含量才显著上升,并且与常氧压组和中等低氧压组相比较,高度缺氧组的游离脂肪酸上升更为明显,且与这两组差异显著。3.与运动开始前相比,运动后5min、30min、60min内体内乳酸含量高,且具有显著差异。但在120min后差异消失。4.运动结束后5min时体内胰岛素含量较高,且与开始运动前和运动结束后其他三个时间段相比,具有显著差异。     

喷施蔗糖对蓝莓叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量变化的影响

[目的]研究喷施蔗糖对蓝莓叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量变化的影响。[方法]以不同类型的2个蓝莓品种为试材,分析了喷施不同浓度(0.1%、0.5%和1.0%)的蔗糖溶液对蓝莓果实发育期叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量、组成的影响,并进行了相关性分析。[结果]在整个果实发育过程中(蓝丰:5月初～7月中旬;粉蓝:5月底～8月中旬),2品种叶片中可溶性糖总含量逐渐增加,但各个可溶性糖含量变化规律有所不同;2个品种果实成熟时期主要是积累葡萄糖和果糖为主,蔗糖含量很少,葡萄糖和果糖含量相当,并且随着果实的发育,各处理都可以不同程度地增加蓝莓果实的可溶性糖含量,其中喷施0.5%的蔗糖溶液增加最多;通过对各个处理叶片和果实可溶性糖含量的相关性分析可以看出,叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量显著相关。[结论]叶片喷施0.5%浓度的蔗糖对增加蓝莓果实中的糖度提高最多。     

竹的纤维素提取·诱导和葡萄糖化的研究

[目的]以竹材为原料制备葡萄糖,为竹基生物资源的高效转化和利用提供有益的参考。[方法]采用热化学液化法提取竹纤维素、经乙酰化诱导、酸水解和精制等过程制备葡萄糖。[结果]产物通过1H NMR推定为α型和β型葡萄糖混合物(总收率为24.3%),酸水解反应的最佳温度应在100℃左右。[结论]该方法简单易行,可操作性强。     

外源脱落酸和赤霉素对红肉脐橙果肉糖含量的影 响

在红肉脐橙幼果期和着色前分2次喷施不同浓度的外源 ABA和 GA3,研究其对红肉脐橙果肉糖含量的影响。结果表明：10 mg/L ABA处理显著或极显著提高了果实成熟时的葡萄糖、果糖和总糖含量,50 mg/L ABA处理极显著提高了果实蔗糖含量,而100 mg/L ABA处理极显著降低了果实葡萄糖含量;中低浓度的 GA3（10、50和250 mg/L）极显著提高了果实蔗糖含量,10 mg/L GA3处理对果实葡萄糖和果糖含量无明显影响,但极显著提高了果实总糖含量,50、250和500 mg/L GA3处理极显著降低了果实葡萄糖、果糖和总糖含量。表明着色前较低浓度的外源 ABA处理（10和50 mg/L）可提高果实中一种或几种糖的含量,而较高浓度的 GA3处理（250和500 mg/L）则严重阻碍了果肉中糖的积累。