宣木瓜饮料的工艺研究

[目的]以宣木瓜为主要原料,并添加黄精、山药、葛根和枸杞等药食同源的成分作为辅料,旨在开发一种具有清心润肺、健脾开胃、舒筋活络功效的功能性饮料。[方法]首先以感官评分为指标,通过单因素试验确定木瓜、白砂糖、黄精、山药、葛根和枸杞等成分的最适添加量,在此基础上通过正交试验优化该饮料的配方。[结果]该饮料的最佳配方为宣木瓜果肉8.00%,白砂糖8.00%,黄精0.20%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.20%,山药0.10%,葛根0.06%,枸杞0.02%。其关键生产工艺条件为:在35 MPa下均质1次,90～95℃下杀菌20 min。[结论]研制的宣木瓜饮料各质量指标均符合国家标准,具有推广价值。     

功能性复合营养舔砖对育肥期肉牛生产性能的影响

本试验的目的在于研究育肥期肉牛补饲添加有枸杞多糖、复合酶制剂、过瘤胃氨基酸、单宁酸等添加剂的功能性复合营养舔砖,分析对其生产性能及经济效益的影响。选择西门塔尔杂种牛80头,按体重随机分成2个处理组,每组40头,对照组使用常规日粮,试验组在常规日粮的基础上补饲功能性复合营养舔砖,自由舔食,预饲期15d,正试期90d。结果表明:1）试验观察 ：适口性较好,试验初始,大部分牛啃食,采食一段时间后舔砖采食量相对恒定,同时表明营养舔砖具有一定的营养调节功能,试验育肥肉牛毛色、精神状态均比对照组牛群有所改善;2）只均日增重 ：试验组高于对照组10.78%（P＜0.05）;3）料肉比 ：试验组低于对照组10.63%（P＜0.05）;4）只均毛利润：试验组高于对照组26.54%。     

Analysis of information used in the management of plant genetic resources: a case study from northwestern Mato Grosso,Brazil

Evaluation and monitoring are critical to agroforestry (AFS) project management, especially if they aim to contribute to use and conservation of biodiversity and plant genetic resources. A methodology to analyze information used in decision-making processes was developed and applied in a biodiversity conservation project in the Brazilian Amazon. Quality of information gathered at landscape, AFS, species (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, both wild and cultivated varieties) and genetic diversity levels in three dimensions was analyzed. The information at the landscape level was good, while that in the organizational-institutional and socio-economic dimensions was acceptable; information gaps were serious in the genetic-ecological dimension. Ecological and economic functionality assessment based on indicators built upon reported administrative actions suggests that information related to conservation played a greater role in decision-making and management than information associated with use and development. The application of the methodology proved instrumental for enhancing efficacy of decision-making within an adaptive management approach to plant genetic resources use and conservation.     

Genetic responses in milling,flour quality,and wheat sensitivity traits to grain yield improvement in U.S. hard winter wheat

A rising global population necessitates continued genetic improvement of wheat (Triticum spp.), but not without monitoring of unintended consequences to processors and consumers. Our objectives were to re-establish trends of genetic progress in agronomic and milling traits using a generational meter stick as the timeline rather than cultivar release date, and to measure correlated responses in flour quality and human wheat-sensitivity indicators. Grain yield and kernel size showed stepwise increases over cycles, whereas wheat protein content decreased by 1.1 g/100 g. Reduced protein content, however, did not result in lower dough strength pertinent to bread baking. A novel method of directly testing gluten elasticity via the compression-recovery test indicated a general increase in gluten strength, whereas the ratio of total polymeric to total monomeric proteins remained stable. Also showing no change with genetic progress in yield were flour levels of gluten epitopes within the key immunotoxic 33-mer peptide. The oligosaccharide fructan, present in milled and wholemeal flours, increased with increasing grain yield potential. While yield improvement in U.S. bread wheat was not accompanied by a decline in gluten strength or systematic shift in a key wheat sensitivity parameter, the unanticipated rise in total fructans does implicate potentially new dietary concerns.     

Proximate composition and selected functional properties of fermented and unfermented African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) seed flour

Flour samples were prepared from fermented and unfermentedAfrican oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) seeds (AOBS). The flour samples were evaluated for proximate composition and certain functional properties. The influenceof defatting on these properties was also determined. Fermentation significantly increased (p<0.05) the proteinand decreased the crude fiber, ash, fat and carbohydrate contents of the AOBS flours. The nitrogen solubility of both fermented and unfermented flours was pH dependent withminimum and maximum solubility at pH 4.0 and pH 8.0, respectively, and with increased nitrogen solubility in the fermented sample. The fermented and unfermented flour sampleshad least gelation concentrations of 14 and 16% (w/v), respectively. The water absorption capacity and foam capacitiesof the fermented flour were 36 and 34%, respectively, over the unfermented seed flour. On the other hand, fermentation decreased the fat absorption capacity, emulsion activity and emulsion and foam stabilities. Fermentation decreased (p<0.05) the bulk density of AOBS flour by 15%. Defattingimproved all the functional properties evaluated except emulsion activity. These results indicate potential food usesof fermented and unfermented AOBS flour samples as protein supplements in diets and as functional ingredients in formulated foods.     

大豆蛋白功能性及改性技术研究进展1）

概述了大豆蛋白的溶解性,凝胶性,乳化性,吸水性、保水性,起泡性、成膜性等主要功能特性的产生机理、影响因素及改性方法,为大豆蛋白功能性的研究提供了理论参考,对大豆蛋白食品及新型蛋白食品的开发具有重要意义。     

桑叶蛋白的功能和提取研究进展

桑叶中蛋白质的含量可以占到干基重量的15%~30%,是蛋白含量较高的植物。对桑叶蛋白的功能特性及制备工艺等进行了系统性的论述。通过分析蛋白质的功能特性、提取方法及发展现状,为深入研究桑叶蛋白以及开发桑叶蛋白新产品提供借鉴。     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.     

超高压射流破碎对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响

超高压射流破碎技术已被证明是可以改变生物分子结构的一种新的物理方法.本实验对超高压射流破碎在不同压力下处理后的大豆分离蛋白功能性质进行了研究.结果表明,超高压射流破碎能够明显改变大豆分离蛋白的功能性质.超高压射流破碎处理后大豆蛋白的结构发生了变化,处理可促使包含在分子内部的疏水基团暴露,改善了蛋白质的疏水性,增强了与油脂的亲和能力,提高了大豆蛋白的乳化和起泡能力.同时由于超高压射流破碎可有效减小蛋白溶胶中的粒子直径,增加了大豆蛋白与水相的接触面积,提高了大豆蛋白的溶解性.     

黄花岗公园植物配置研究初探

目前针对纪念性景观的植物配置方面的系统性研究非常少。通过查阅文献和对实地调查分析,对广州市黄花岗公园主墓道、辛亥革命墓区、黄花园、老人活动区、乡土植物区五个不同区域的植物配置特点进行分析,总结出植物配置的功能性、观赏性、地带性三大特点,并提出了一些优化建议。