试论老庄哲学中的“德”：几个问题的新思考

老庄哲学语境中的“德”含义复杂且深邃，比如说“玄德”概念及其理论创造性地发展了由来已久的德的观念，可谓思想史进程中“哲学突破”的重要标尺。围绕着老庄哲学的“德”，有若干问题值得深入探究：第一，道与德之间的关系能否归结于“德者，得也”的训诂解释，或者说道与德之间是否有那种亚里士多德意义上的分有关系？如果考虑到“德”实际上意味着“性”或者更深意味的“性之性”，那么德就具有两层含义：万物殊性且自得其性的性；万物玄同意义上的“性之性”。第二，老庄往往通过宇宙论模式阐发道物关系，同时也展现了探究德与物之间关系的多元思考，后者隐含了一种心性论的旨趣。第三，作为价值判断语词的“德”，足以提示出超越于伦理规范的原初伦理，即更高理论层次的德性伦理学（含政治哲学）。这几个问题的新思考有助于加深对老庄哲学的理解。     

罗氏沼虾繁殖习性的研究

本文对罗氏沼虾的繁殖习性进行了较为详细地描述。性成熟的雌虾必须经过生殖蜕皮方可交配、产卵；受精卵粘附于腹肢刚毛上；在水温２４℃左右的条件下，幼体孵出约需２７天；性成熟雌虾能多次产卵。     

小型太阳能直流水泵的性能测试研究

自行配置了一套小型太阳能直流水泵,该设备具有装置简单、经济成本低、稳定性好及实用等优点,并在昆明地区进行了性能测试研究。其测试结果表明:辐照度大于450W/m2时该设备运行良好,并且提水高度在0～30m时较适用。可用于阳光充足无电力地区的深井取水、农作物灌溉、及河流、水库、水渠等提水工程。     

《道德经》之一分为三哲学思想研究

在《道德经》中 ,老子运用一分为三的思维方式 ,围绕着“道”这一中心概念的逐步展开 ,构建了充满着辩证法的哲学体系 ,成为中华文化的奇丽瑰宝。论述了“道”为“一”、为“无”、为“无为”、为“自然”的一分为三的哲学内涵 ;“自然”为老子哲学体系的开端 ;“道”的“万物得一以生”、“反者道之动”、“物壮则老”、凡事“守中”的一分为三的作用和意义 ;求“道”的一分为三的过程 ;并以此讨论宇宙的起源 ,世界的形成 ,事物的产生、变化和发展的规律 ,以及人类社会的种种矛盾及其解决的方式 ;还讨论了黑格尔对老子一分为     

西部大开发退耕还林(草)的政策有效性评析

退耕还林 (草 )是一项复杂的社会经济生态系统工程 ,它直接涉及到粮食产量、技术、资金、劳动力等方方面面的问题。本文在分析西部地区退耕还林 (草 )的必要性和矛盾性的基础上 ,对退耕还林 (草 )政策从外部经济性、效益的阶段性、退耕还林 (草 )后农业的发展等方面做了评析。指出目前我国西部退耕还林 (草 )试点工程出现了经济林比例过大、行政手段干预为主、退耕还林树种单一等一系列问题 ,并针对这些问题 ,提出了一些建议。最后 ,本文认为尽快建立健全生态补偿机制是保证退耕还林 (草 )政策能够持续实施的关键之所在。     

桑枝枯菌核病病原菌的生物学特性研究

从发病桑树上分离到桑枝枯菌核病病原菌的纯菌种 ,并对该菌的培养性状和生物学特性进行了调查和研究。结果表明 :桑枝枯菌核病病原菌适于在PDA培养基和桑叶汁培养基上生长 ,其生长温度范围为 8～ 30℃ ,最适生长温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃ ,生长pH值范围为 1～ 12 ,最适生长pH值为 5～ 8,菌丝与菌核的生长情况大致相同 ;菌核在适宜的温湿度条件下能够产生子囊盘和子囊孢子 ,子囊孢子椭圆形 ,大小 7～ 14 μm× 3～ 7μm。     

A forage grass and small grain legume plant collecting expedition in South East Poland, 1990

Summary The Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) of the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Welsh Plant Breeding Station (IGER, WPBS), UK, and the Plant Genetic Resources Section of the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (PBAI), Poland, carried out a joint collecting expedition in Poland between 25 August and 7 September 1990. The expedition was unique in that it was the first time that vegetative sampling had been applied to the perennial forage grass and legume populations of south east Poland. The expedition focused on seminatural vegetation in agriculturally managed situations and detailed collection site data on management systems was obtained from landowners.Samples were collected from 62 sites. Vegetative collections of Lolium spp. (37 populations) and Trifolium spp. (56 populations), and seed collections of Festuca spp. (32 populations) were made by the IGER team (Table 2). The PBAI team made 59 separate seed collections, mainly of Leguminosae.The expedition covered four geographical subregions of south east Poland. (See Fig. 1). These were the Nizina Mazowiecka south of Warszawa, the Wyzyna Malopolska with the town of Kielce at its centre and the Beskidy Zachodnie and Beskidy Wschodnie regions of the Carpathian mountains.A diverse range of habitats was sampled covering a broad range of altitude agricultural management systems and ecological conditions. Polish agriculture is faced with the problems of a rapid orientation to a market economy and it is likely that the diverse range of habitats encoutered will be reduced as agricultural practices change. This will lead to genetic erosion of the unique forage grass and legume populations to be found in Poland.Abbreviations ECP/GR European Co-operative Programme on Crop Genetic Resources - IGER Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research - PBAI Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - PGRU Plant Genetic Resources Unit - WPBS Welsh Plant Breeding Station     

谈《道德经》第一章翻译的模糊性

模糊性是自然语言的本质特征之一。《道德经》作为博大精深的东方文化中永恒不灭的经典,模糊美享悦了一代代读者。文学翻译中,精确性是相对的,模糊性是绝对的、普遍存在的。要将原文的美感真实地传递给译文读者,除了准确解读文本外,更要拥有模糊视野,运用模糊法则,视具体情况灵活变通。本文以《道德经》中“道”和“无”为例,阐释模糊法则在实际翻译中的灵活应用。     

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from extensive cattle of the fighting bulls breed

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 represents a major public health concern worldwide, with cattle recognized as their main natural reservoir. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence and the pheno-genotypic characteristics of STEC O157:H7 in a herd with 268 cattle of the fighting bulls breed (De Lidia breed) managed under extensive conditions in the South-West of Spain. Rectal-anal swabs of all animals were collected and examined for STEC O157:H7 by performing an immunomagnetic concentration and separation procedure combined with PCR, and the resulting isolates were characterized by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Overall, STEC O157:H7 was isolated from seven animals (2.6%) in the herd. The PCR procedure indicated that all seven isolates displayed stx₂, eae-γ1, ehxA, O157 rfbE, and fliCh7 genes. They belonged to phage types 4 (one isolate) and 42 (two isolates), and four isolates reacted with typing phages but did not conform to a recognized pattern. Among the seven isolates there were five indistinguishable PFGE patterns and other two which differed only in ?2 restriction fragments, supporting the existence of horizontal transmission among animals in the herd. The present study demonstrates that cattle managed under extensive conditions in Spain can excrete STEC O157:H7 with their faeces. To our knowledge this is the first isolation of this pathogen from De Lidia cattle.     

朱顶红转录组De novo数据及功能注释分析

本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术对PP333处理的朱顶红进行了RNA-seq测序,共获得26.91 Gb的数据,对其进行过滤去冗余后得到Unigene 106 684个,总长度为92 002 803 bp,平均长度为862 bp,N50为1 494 bp,GC含量为42.47%,Q20均达98%以上,表明测序质量较好。根据七大功能数据库比对结果,分别有53 853 (NR:50.48%)、29 732 (NT:27.87%)、35 889 (SwissProt:33.64%)、42 221 (KOG:39.58%)、40 258(KEGG:37.74%)、12 186 (GO:11.42%)以及42 559 (InterPro:39.89%)个Unigene获得功能注释。根据Nr注释结果,可匹配到物种为油棕、海枣、小果野芭蕉、莲等。在KOG注释中通用功能和预测占比最高。按GO功能分类,可分为生物过程、细胞组成、分子功能三类,52个分支,大量Unigene与代谢过程、细胞过程及单生物过程相关。按照KEGG功能分类,分为6类,21个功能组,大量Unigene与代谢相关,占比60.39%。本研究结果为朱顶红的矮化机理研究及其基因挖掘提供依据。