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1.
Limited effects of land use on soil dissolved organic matter chemistry as assessed by excitation–emission fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular weight fractionation 下载免费PDF全文
P. Roberts J. M. Gibbons P. W. Hill D. L. Jones M. Farrell 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(4):662-665
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil solution represents a complex mixture of organic molecules and plays a central role in carbon and nitrogen cycling in plant–microbial–soil systems. We tested whether excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to characterize DOM and support previous findings that the majority of DOM is of high molecular weight (MW). EEM fluorescence spectroscopy was used in conjunction with MW fractionation to characterize DOM in soil solution from a grassland soil land management gradient in North Wales, UK. Data analysis suggested that three distinct fluorescence components could be separated and identified from the EEM data. These components were identified as being of humic‐like or fulvic‐like origin. Contrary to expectations, the majority of the fluorescence signal occurred in the small MW (<1 kDa) fraction, although differences between soils from the differently managed grasslands were more apparent in larger MW fractions. We conclude that following further characterization of the chemical composition of the fluorophores, EEM has potential as a sensitive technique for characterizing the small MW phenolic fraction of DOM in soils. 相似文献
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通过批处理试验研究了不同来源的水溶性有机质(DOM)对南京城郊菜地土壤铅(Pb)吸附解吸行为的影响。研究结果表明,DOM抑制了土壤对Pb的吸附,随着DOM浓度的增加,土壤对Pb的吸附量减少,当DOM体积从0增加到21 mL时,土壤对Pb的吸附量分别减少5.34%(鸡粪)、24.12%(牛粪)和0.35%(有机肥)。不同来源的DOM也影响土壤对Pb的吸附程度。当添加低浓度的DOM(添加体积小于6 mL)时,土壤对Pb的吸附量顺序为鸡粪DOM〈牛粪DOM≈有机肥DOM;当添加高浓度的DOM(添加体积大于6 mL)时,土壤对Pb的吸附量顺序为牛粪DOM〈鸡粪DOM〈有机肥DOM。反之亦然,DOM促进了土壤Pb的解吸,解吸量随添加DOM浓度的增大而增加。不同来源的DOM对土壤Pb解吸程度的影响也有所差异。对于低污染土壤,Pb的解吸量顺序为鸡粪DOM〉牛粪DOM〉有机肥DOM;对于高污染土壤,Pb的解吸量顺序为鸡粪DOM〉有机肥DOM〉牛粪DOM。Pb吸附动力学曲线揭示,添加DOM延缓了土壤Pb吸附平衡到达的时间。本研究表明,DOM增加了土壤Pb的环境风险。 相似文献
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Chemical characteristics and potential source of fulvic acids leached from the plow layer of paddy soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To understand better the chemical characteristics and source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from the plow layer of rice paddies, a lysimeter study was conducted, which simulated submerged paddy topsoil during rice growth. The fulvic acid (FA) fraction in the percolation water from the lysimeter was collected by adsorption onto insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the temporal variations in its elemental composition, molecular size distribution, IR spectra, 13C CPMAS NMR spectra, and δ13C values were investigated. The proportion of the FA fraction to bulk DOM varied greatly, but the chemical characteristics of the FA fraction did not change appreciably during the experimental period. Thus, it is considered that the changes in the DOM composition in percolation water were mainly due to the differing contributions of the FA fraction. Further, to investigate the source of the FA fraction in the leachate, the chemical characteristics of the FA fraction in the leachate were compared with those extracted from the plow layer soil. A sequential extraction of the FA fraction was conducted using a sequence of water, 0.25 M Na2SO4, 0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 7.0), 0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 10.5), and NaBH4+0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 10.5). It was found that the water- and 0.25 M Na2SO4-extractable fractions, which were most mobile, were not the only source of the FA fraction in the leachate. The small molecular size sub-fraction of the NaBH4+0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 10.5)-extractable FAs, most of which are probably bound mainly to iron oxides, are considered to be another source of the FA fraction leached from the plow layer of paddy fields. 相似文献
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为探究秸秆添加对氧化还原条件变化下稻田土壤重金属释放的影响,本文选取典型重金属污染稻田土壤,通过微宇宙试验结合三维荧光光谱等手段,分析了土壤溶液化学性质、溶解性有机质(DOM)、金属释放之间的动态关系。结果表明:添加秸秆增加了厌氧期Fe、Mn、As、Cd等金属的释放,同时影响了DOM组成。土壤DOM中类蛋白(C3)含量在培养期总体降低(P<0.05);类腐殖质含量呈现厌氧期上升、好氧期下降的趋势。结构方程模型(SEM)分析显示,Eh的变化与Mn和As的溶出显著负相关(路径系数分别为-0.662和-0.528,P<0.01),同时,Eh还通过影响土壤类腐植酸C2(路径系数-0.816,P<0.01)控制As的释放(路径系数0.244,P<0.05)。因此,稻田土壤干湿交替造成的Eh变化和秸秆还田措施不仅可直接影响重金属的溶出,也可通过DOM含量和组成进一步控制其释放。 相似文献
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在遥感影像定义的基础之上,讨论了遥感影像的四个基本特征.对林业工作中常用的中分辨率遥感影像Landsate TM5、中巴资源卫星以及常用的高分辨率遥感影像Spot5、Rapideye、Alos、QuickBird、WorldviewⅠ、WorldviewⅡ等进行了介绍并做了对比分析,总结各种遥感影像的优缺点;并讨论了遥感影像基础数据准备,DOM与DEM参考数据准备以及的遥感影像正射纠正,并以ALOS为例,对算法及图像增强等工作进行了探讨 相似文献
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土壤可溶性有机质研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
可溶性有机质(DOM)是陆地生态系统重要的活性碳源和养分库,在土壤有机质的降解和矿化过程中发挥着关键作用,决定着土壤微生物区系和土壤生物学活性,在森林生态系统生命元素的生物地球化学物质循环中具有重要作用。本文介绍可溶性有机质的基本概念及其研究方法,分析和探讨可溶性有机质的影响因素及其发展趋势。 相似文献
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为解决C/S结构下客户端文档文件的共享问题,采用XML技术将不同类型文件转化为XML字符串统一存入数据库,读取时只需从数据库中读出XML字符并将其恢复为原文件即可。各客户端可对数据进行存取和修改,从而实现了客户端数据的共享操作。操作均在客户端完成,可以充分利用资源,提高系统性能,同时把文件统一存入数据库,简化了基于数据库应用开发的复杂度。本方案在国土资源部土地整理中心的土地整理项目审批系统中成功运用,解决了多种数据的统一管理问题。 相似文献