Physiological Analysis of Yield Variation in Mungbean (Vigna radiata [Roxb.] Wilczek)

Two mungbean varieties, Guj-1 and PIMS-1 differing in their productivity potential, were examined to investigate their photosynthetic system at various stages of growth in relation to yield with two different dates of sowing. Vertical leaves were found to be beneficial. On the other hand, excessive leaf area during the later stages of growth may be detrimental to yield. Lower LAD at seedling stage and overall high NAR values may be reflected in higher grain yield. NAR declined as season progressed and this, in turn, may be related with increase in LAI. The grain yield was considerably more at the first date of sowing as compared to second date of sowing, the effect was being more pronounced in var. PIMS-1 . Various environmental factors recorded at two different dates of sowing and at various stages of growth indicated that these factors may have influenced the yield potential at two different dates of sowing.     

The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical weed control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat

Three field experiments were carried out in organically grown winter wheat in Denmark. The treatments were sowing time (normal or late sowing) and false seedbed, row width (12 and 24 cm) and weed control method [untreated; mechanical weed control (weed harrowing at 12 cm supplemented with inter‐row hoeing at 24 cm); and herbicide weed control]. Weed biomass in midsummer was greatest on plots sown at the normal sowing time (compared with delayed sowing) and was reduced by mechanical or chemical weed control (compared with untreated plots). Row width alone had no influence on weed biomass, but in the experiment with high weed pressure, the more intensive mechanical weed control used at a row width of 24 cm reduced weed biomass. Normal sowing time tended to give higher yields, but this was only statistically significant in one of the three experiments. Wide rows gave a yield decrease in the experiment with low weed pressure. The effect of weed control on yield was dependent on the weed pressure. At low weed pressure, mechanical weed control caused a yield decrease compared with untreated or herbicide treated. At intermediate weed levels there were no differences, whereas at high weed pressure, mechanical weed control and herbicide treatment caused a yield increase compared with untreated. False seedbeds were shown to contribute to a decrease in the soil seed reserve.     

施肥和刈割日期对杂交狼尾草钙、磷、镁含量的影响及其与家畜需要的关系

研究了不同施肥处理和刈割日期对杂交狼尾草Ca、P和Mg含量的影响及其与家畜营养的关系,结果表明,有机肥的施用显著降低了植株Ca含量,对植株P和Mg含量无显著影响;随无机氮施用水平的提高,杂交狼尾草植株Ca和Mg含量显著提高,P含量显著降低;植株Ca、Mg含量均随刈割日期的推迟而显著提高,植株磷含量随刈割日期的推迟呈先降后升的规律;根据NRC推荐的饲养标准(奶牛、肉牛和绵羊),所有处理杂交狼尾草植株Mg含量均能满足家畜的需要,Ca:P为(0.95～2.67):1;利用杂交狼尾草饲喂高产奶牛时,应注意日粮中Ca、P的添加.     

石羊河流域春秋不同播期人工牧草气候生产力分析

2003～2005年对石羊河流域春秋两种播期人工牧草紫花苜蓿(Medicago sative)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)的生育期,地上、地下生物量,产量等进行了连续测定。结果表明:(1)紫花苜蓿、沙打旺生长第二年(2004年)干物重春播地均高于秋播地。分别增产3 505.0 kg/hm2、2 314.5 kg/hm2。(2)春播和秋播地牧草干物质积累增长关键期均出现在现蕾～开花期。此期紫花苜蓿、沙打旺干物质积累量分别占累积总量的70%和63%。(3)生长第二年(2004年)春播和秋播地青干比最小值出现在开花期,也是牧草刈割的最佳期。(4)春播牧草地下生物量高于秋播。春播紫花苜蓿、沙打旺根干重分别比秋播高2.5～2.6倍和0.5～1.0倍,春播有利于牧草根系生长。(5)春季日平均气温稳定通过5℃为牧草适宜返青温度。在灌溉条件下,牧草干重与热量因子呈显著正相关,生产力高低主要取决于热量的多寡,秋播地和晚熟品种对热量条件的需求更高。     

气候变暖对晋北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯适播期的影响

以气候变暖为主要特征的气候变化对马铃薯物候期、生长发育及产量都产生很大影响,研究马铃薯生长季热量资源和适播期变化特征,对调整品种布局和合理利用气候资源具有重要意义。利用1981—2016年晋北地区地面气象观测站和农业气象观测站资料,通过趋势分析和相关分析,研究晋北马铃薯气候资源变化特征及对马铃薯产量的影响;基于积温稳定性原理,建立气象产量预测模型,得出最高气象产量对应的适播期,并分析适播期的年代变化特征。结果表明,晋北马铃薯生长季气温以0.32℃·10a^-1速率呈升温趋势,≥5℃积温以47.0℃·d·10a^-1速率呈增加趋势。气候变暖背景下对晋北马铃薯产量影响显著的气候因子主要是出苗～分枝期的平均气温,全生育期的积温、日照时数、需水量,出苗～分枝期、花序形成～可收期及全生育期的最高气温≥30℃的日数。气温和日照基本为负效应,降水在营养生长期为负效应,生殖生长期为正效应。晋北马铃薯适播期随着气候变暖有提前的趋势,20世纪80年代适播期在5月上旬末至5月中旬,90年代适播期在5月上旬,21世纪最初10 a适播期在4月下旬至5月上旬初,2010年以...     

底墒差异对压砂地西瓜耗水规律的影响

通过田间试验研究了播前灌水营造底墒差异对压砂地土壤水分动态变化、西瓜耗水规律、西瓜产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：播前灌水造墒处理不同程度提高了1 m土层土壤水分含量,但灌水定额过大（70 m³·667m^-2和55 m³·667m^-2）会引起水分深层渗漏;西瓜生育前期耗水量随着播前灌水量降低而降低;西瓜需水高峰期,当1 m土层底墒在222～270 mm范围内,耗水量随1 m土层底墒增加而降低;底墒差异还会影响收获期1 m土层土壤水分含量;综合西瓜产量和水分利用效率,在试验区域内,当西瓜生育期降雨量在85 mm左右,1 m土层土壤储水量在250 mm就可保证西瓜正常生长。另外,压砂地夏季休闲措施提高了土壤水分含量,1 m土层土壤储水量增加了2.7 mm,为下一季作物提供了良好的土壤水分条件。     

吉林省向日葵菌核病综合防治措施研究及大面积应用效果

在重茬4年的重病地块晚播(5月20日—25日)向日葵,其花腐型菌核病比正常播期(4月25日)减少90％以上,而产量提高13％—30％。在农村扩大示范,晚播(5月19日)减少病害59％—75％,产量提高35％。在盛花期—成熟期喷2—3次50％速克灵500倍液可大大减轻花腐型菌核病的发生(防治效果65.9％—92.3％)。经筛选以速克灵(0.5％)拌种防治根腐型菌核病效果最好,在温室中对土壤和种子中的病菌防治效果达83％以上,小区试验和农村示范防治效果达55.8％—100％。土壤中增施钾肥可提高植株抗病力,减轻发病。1990年在吉林省农安、长岭2县8533ha采用晚播、轮作2年以上、种子处理、增施钾肥、盛花期—成熟期喷药的一套综合防治措施,重点调查10块对比田,花腐型菌核病平均防治效果为87.62％(63.38％—100％),对根腐型菌核病防治效果平均为66.77％(50.0％—82.57％)。1991年在长岭、农安等6个主产区推广6.37万ha,重点调查134块对比田,花腐型菌核病防治效果平均为75.86％(46.37％—100％),根腐型菌核病平均防治效果为65.11％(33.33％—100％),增产增收显著。     

不同播量拉巴豆与青贮玉米混播对草地生产性能及牧草品质的影响

为探究宁夏雨养区不同播量拉巴豆(Dolichos lablab)与青贮玉米(Zeamays)混播对草地生产性能和牧草品质的影响,本试验采用随机区组设计,以不同播量(0 kg·hm-2,22.5 kg·hm-2,45.0 kg·hm-2,67.5 kg·hm-2,90.0 kg·hm-2)的拉巴豆与青贮玉米混播,并运用灰...     

基于离散元仿真参数的微型薯物料测定

以脱毒微型马铃薯(简称"微型薯")"大西洋""中薯5号"和"华薯1号"为研究对象,以离散元软件EDEM中微型薯仿真研究所需的相关参数为目标,测定3种微型薯的物理力学特征参数和接触力学参数。采用响应曲面法设计试验,以静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数为试验变量,以堆积角为试验指标,将上述测定后的参数输入EDEM进行仿真,求取微型薯之间的滚动摩擦系数。以堆积角为响应值,使用圆筒提升法验证仿真结果的可信度。结果表明:与试验实际堆积角相比,不同品种的微型薯仿真结果差异均低于3%,仿真结果可靠。