狗牙根种质资源及遗传多样性的研究概况

介绍了国内外狗牙根种质资源的研究概况;从形态学水平、染色体水平、蛋白质水平、DNA水平对狗牙根的遗传多样性进行概述,并对存在的问题提出建议。     

Na2SO4胁迫下狗牙根K+、Na+离子分布及其抗盐性的评价

通过对盆栽狗牙根(新农一号狗牙根)、喀什狗牙根、C-3(狗牙根品系)、矮生天堂草以0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%五个土壤盐浓度进行处理,对其K+、Na+离子变化情况做了研究.结果表明相同盐浓度水平下,狗牙根体内K+、Na+离子含量茎叶大于根系,茎叶是K+、Na+离子累积的主要部位;K+/Na+比茎叶大于根系,说明茎叶耐钠性大于根系;随着盐度水平的递增,新农一号狗牙根、喀什狗牙根、C-3狗牙根K+、Na+离子吸收选择性系数增大,新农一号狗牙根＞喀什狗牙根＞C-3＞矮生天堂草.由此初步认为,狗牙根抗盐性从大到小依次为新农一号狗牙根＞喀什狗牙根＞C-3狗牙根＞矮生天堂草.     

新疆狗牙根农艺性状及利用价值初探

对新疆具有代表性的7份狗牙根Cynodon dactylon材料的12项农艺性状进行初步研究表明,新疆狗牙根种内差异大,具有培育优良新型牧草或草坪品种的潜力,其中C5植株高大、茎秆粗壮、叶片大、草产量高,C1植株矮小、茎秆及叶片纤细、颜色深绿,其余材料居中;通过农艺性状聚类分析,结合加权综合评价结果,初步将新疆狗牙根划分为3个类型,即草坪草牧草兼用型(包括喀什狗牙根、新农一号狗牙根、C4、C3)、草坪型(C1、C2)、牧草型(C5),为今后新疆狗牙根种质资源的进一步开发利用提供科学的依据。     

AFLP分子标记对9份狗牙根材料的鉴定分析

狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)是全球最重要、品种最丰富的暖季型草坪草种之一,种或品种间形态相近,采用传统形态学和田间小区试验等方法难以作出鉴定,本试验利用AFLP分子标记技术,对9份常用狗牙根材料的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明:13对引物共扩增出1326个条带,平均每对引物扩增出93.2条带,其中多态性条带有1212条,多态性条带比率为91.71%,材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.469~0.797,变幅为0.328。聚类分析表明,在GS值为0.648处,可将9份常用狗牙根材料分为5类:T-419、小矮人和老鹰草为一类,摄政王单独为一类,瑞拉和黑杰克为一类,南京狗牙根和普通狗牙根聚为一类,阳江狗牙根单独为一类。依据P7/M3引物对电泳图谱,构建了9份狗牙根材料的指纹图谱。     

Phytoplasmas associated with disease of coconut in Malaysia: phylogenetic groups and host plant species

Coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ), oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ), Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ) and Madagascar periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ) with symptoms indicative of phytoplasma disease were collected from different locations in Malaysia. PCR assays employing phytoplasma universal rRNA gene primers P1/P7 alone or P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 detected phytoplasmas in eight out of 20 Malayan Red Dwarf (MRD), nine out of 12 Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD) and 12 out of 12 Malayan Tall (MT) coconut palms displaying coconut yellow decline symptoms. Positive detections were also obtained from six out of six oil palm seedlings showing symptoms of yellowing and necrosis, from 10 out of 10 Bermudagrass samples with white leaf symptoms, and from eight out of eight periwinkle plants showing phyllody, virescence, little leaf, proliferation and foliar yellowing. Phytoplasmas were not detected in any of the symptomless plants tested. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PCR products determined that phytoplasmas infecting both MRD and MT coconuts and Bermudagrass in Serdang, Selangor State, were all members of the 16SrXIV ' Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis' group, whereas isolates in periwinkle in Serdang were all members of the 16SrI ' Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' group. However, the phytoplasmas detected in MYD coconuts and oil palms from Banting, Selangor State, and in periwinkle from Putrajaya were collectively very similar (99%), but shared <97·5% similarity with 16S rDNA sequences of all other known phytoplasmas, indicating that they represent a novel taxonomic group. Thus, at least two phylogenetically distinct phytoplasmas are associated with the coconut yellow decline syndrome in Malaysia, both of which were also detected in other plant species.     

狗牙根新品种抗寒性评价及生理基础的研究

对冻害胁迫下新农一号狗牙根、喀什狗牙根、矮生天堂草的抗寒能力研究结果表明经除雪,在乌鲁木齐-25.6℃下新农一号狗牙根、喀什狗牙根能安全越冬,矮生天堂草则不能越冬;细胞电解质渗透率能够很好的反映出品种间抗寒能力的差异,可作为衡量狗牙根耐寒能力的有效生理指标;SOD、POD酶活性及其持续时间的长短可能与狗牙根的抗寒能力有一定的正相关性;聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳发现,新农一号狗牙根的POD同工酶谱带数多于其他两个品种,且冻害适应中未有新的同工酶谱带出现;与茎、叶相比,根茎更能反映出品种间抗寒能力的差异程度且更耐寒.     

Comparison of acid-detergent lignin,alkaline-peroxide lignin,and acid-detergent insoluble ash as internal markers for predicting fecal output and digestibilily by caltie offered bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient composition

Background： The potential for acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA）, alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL）, and acid-detergent lignin （ADL） to predict fecal output （FO） and dry matter digestibility （DMD） by cattle offered bermudagrass [Cynodon doctylon （L） Pers.] hays of different qualities was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 ± 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 hay diets： low （L）, medium low （ML）, medium high （MH）, and high （H） crude protein （CP） concentration （79, 111,131, and 164 g CP/kg on a DM basis, respectively）. Diets were offered in 3 periods with 2 diet replicates per period and were rotated across cows between periods. Cows were individually fed 20 g DM/kg of body weight in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection. Actual DM intake （DMI）, DMD, and FO were determined based on hay offered, ort, and feces excreted. These components were then analyzed for ADL, APL, and ADIA concentration to determine marker recovery and marker-based estimates of FO and DMD. Results： Forage DMI was affected by diet （P = 0.02）, and DMI from MH and H was greater （P 〈 0.05） than from L. Apparent DMD tended （P = 0.08） to differ among diets while FO （P = 0.20） was not affected by diet treatments. Average ADL recovery （1.16） was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of ADIA （1.03） and APL （1.06）, but ADIA and APL did not differ （P = 0.42）. Estimates of FO and DMD derived using APL and ADIA were not different （P≥0.05） from total fecal collection while those using ADL differed （P 〈 0.05）. There was no diet by marker interaction （P≥ 0.22） for either FO or DMD. Conclusion： Acid-detergent insoluble ash and APL accurately predicted FO and DMD of cattle fed bermudagrass hay of varying nutrient composition. These internal markers may facilitate studies involving large numbers of animals and forages. Results from such studies may be used to develop improve     

草地早熟禾与狗牙根种群动态及种间关系的影响

 以狗牙根和草地早熟禾为材料,用二因素二次正交旋转设计,对9个不同播种比例混播草坪的种群性状进行研究,建立了草坪地上生物量、地下生物量及一致性与狗牙根和草地早熟禾播种量之间显著相关的回归模型。确定了影响草坪性状的主要因子,优化了混播草坪的最佳播种量。     

Use of In‐Season Reflectance for Predicting Yield Potential in Bermudagrass

Abstract

Spatial variability of soil nutrients is known to exist at distances of less than 1 m. Recently, an on‐the‐go system for application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer based on spectral measurements known as in‐season estimated yield (INSEY) improved N use efficiency (NUE) by as much as 17% in winter wheat. Six trials were conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 at Ardmore and Burneyville, OK, with an objective to develop an index similar to INSEY for use in predicting yield potential in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) that can be used for adjusting fertilizer N rates. Initial results indicate that 55% of variation in predicted bermudagrass forage yield was explained by a Bermudagrass–INSEY (B‐INSEY) index and 54% of the variation in forage N uptake was explained using the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI). The remaining challenge is to develop appropriate N fertilizer rates based on this information and apply these rates using on‐the‐go technology.     

新疆狗牙根种子发芽实验

探讨了温度、光照、0.2%KNO3对新疆狗牙根萌发的影响。温度设25,30℃恒温及20～30℃和20～35℃变温,恒温下设黑暗及光照2个处理,25,30℃光照条件,20～30℃和20～35℃变温条件结合0.2%KNO3进行发芽实验,观测其种子发芽率,发芽势与发芽指数,结果认为温度对新疆狗牙根的发芽率,发芽指数,发芽势有极显著影响,并且变温处理有助于这些指标的提高,光照有利于新疆狗牙根种子发芽,加速发芽速度,KNO3处理可进一步促进新疆狗牙根种子的发芽率,发芽指数,发芽势的提高。