牦牛放牧率对小嵩草高寒草甸不同植物类群地上生物量生产率的影响

2年的牦牛放牧试验表明:除不同植物本身的生理特性外,降水和地温是影响小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场不同植物类群地上生物量绝对生长率的关键因素。小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场地上总生物量的绝对生长率1999年在7月份最大;1998年,冷季草场各放牧处理的绝对生长率在8月份达到最大,暖季草场的对照组和轻牧组在7月份最大,中牧组和重牧组在8月份最大。不同植物类群地上生物量生长率的变化不尽相同。1998年,冷季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,暖季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率7月份达到最大,且9月份出现了营养的再次积累;1999年,冷季草场禾草地上生物量的绝对生长率在6月份和8月份出现了两个峰值,暖季草场禾草地生物量的绝对生长率在7月份达到最大。对杂草类而言,1998年冷季草场的绝对生长率6月份最大,暖季草场重牧组的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,其他各处理7月份达到最大;1999年重牧组杂草的绝对生长率在6月份达到最大,其他各处理杂草在8月份达到最大。     

Effects of non-excitatory electric stimulation on cardiac function in normal and infarcted heart rabbits and it's regional effect on myocardium

AIM: To investigate the influences of electric stimulation applied during the absolute refractory period (ARP) on the cardiac function of normal rabbits and rabbits after myocardial infarction (MI) and to observe the regional effects of this electric stimulation. METHODS: 64 rabbits were randomly assigned to normal and MI groups and each group was then divided into the anterior and posterior groups. A thoracotomy was performed 4 weeks after MI in rabbits. One set of electrodes was inserted into the anterior and posterior wall of left ventricle of the anterior and posterior groups, respectively. Current pulses were delivered during the ARP (called CCM) during sinus rhythm in rabbits. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) as well as maximum positive and negative left ventricular pressure change (±dp/dt_max) were observed. RESULTS: In the normal and MI groups, LVSP, +dp/dt_max significantly increased, and LVEDP, -dp/dt_max were reduced during CCM stimulation compared with the baseline (P<0.05). In the normal rabbits, electric stimulation in the anterior group improved the cardiac function more significantly than that in the posterior group (P<0.05). In the MI rabbits, there was no difference between the anterior and the posterior groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Electric stimulation delivered during the ARP significantly enhances the contractility and the relaxation of myocardium in normal rabbits and rabbits after MI, and the effects of CCM stimulation on heart are regional.     

Absolute configuration of arylglycerol-β-aryl ethers obtained by asymmetric reduction of the correspondingα-ketonic compound with intactFusarium solani cells

When (±)--oxo-guaiacylglycerol--(vanillic acid) ether (1) is degraded byFusarium solani M-13-1, the-ketone is initially reduced to giveerythro andthreo guaiacylglycerol--(vanillic acid) ethers (2), arylglycerol--aryl ethers, both of which are enantiomerically pure. The absolute configuration in each2 was determined by Mosher's method; the products were converted to,-di-(R)--methoxy--trifluoromethylphenylacetates (MTPA esters) (3) oferythro (-)- andthreo (+)-veratrylglycerol--(methyl vanillate) ethers (3), whose¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were examined and compared with those of four di-(R)-MTPA ester (3) diastereomers from chemically synthesizederythro (±)-3 andthreo (±)-3. To assign the- and-MTPA-OCH₃ peaks, the¹H NMR scans of several compounds that have substructures of 3 and their 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl analogues were examined. When a racemic alcohol reacts with (R)-MTPA to give a pair of (R)-MTPA ester diastereomers, the value was defined as the absolute value of the difference in the¹H chemical shifts of the peak between the diastereomers. It was found that the values of-MTPA-OCH₃ were larger than those of-MTPA-OCH₃ owing to a shielding effect of the veratryl ring located on the-MTPA-OCH₃, and that the-MTPA-OCH₃ peaks in the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl compounds shifted downfield relative to those in the veratryl compounds. On the basis of the¹h NMR data of (R)-MTPA esters, the absolute configuration of the four chemically prepared diastereomers (3) were determined. The catabolicerythro 3 [fromerythro (-)-3] andthreo 3 [fromthreo (+)-3] were identical to (R, S, R)-erythro 3 and (R, S, S)- threo 3, respectively. An hydrogen species in the fungal reduction would attack the-ketone fromre-face of both (R)-1 and (S)-1, givingerythro (S, R)-2 andthreo (S, S)-2, respectively.Part of this paper was presented at the 33rd Lignin Symposium, Tsukuba, November 1988     

灵香草浸膏系列产品的研究

以报春花科珍珠菜属植物灵香草为原料，采用不同的工艺，制取各类浸膏的研究结果。首先采用各种剂对灵香草进行浸提试验，并对得到的乙醇浸膏进行脱色浸膏、净油的研制；对得到的各类产品的物性数据进行研究测试，结果表明乙醇浸膏、脱色浸膏和净油具有许多优良特性，对它们的进一步研究开发有重大意义。     

Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of gamithromycin in pigs after an intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) bolus injection of 6 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of gamithromycin were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method, and the pharmacokinetics were noncompartmentally analysed.     

基于RBF神经网络的难加工金属材料数控加工控制方法研究

在不确定性和竞争性的策略互动环境中,根据投资时机相对性和绝对性的不同要求可以将期权博弈模型划分为绝对时机选择和相对时机选择两个类型。我们首先综述投资时机选择的期权博弈理论文献;然后以“随机最优停止问题”为研究基点,分别探讨投资时机选择的完全信息与不完全信息期权博弈模型;最后论述基于“追随-抢先模型”的投资时机选择期权博弈评价。     

吉林西部退化草地中羊草的生长率和异速生长关系的研究

利用吉林西部草地不同退化演替阶段中,羊草不同器官(根茎叶)生物量和各器官中C、N、P元素的数据,采用简化主轴回归方法验证生长率假说,并对异速生长关系进行.结果表明,随着草地退化演替的进行,在N、P元素限制下,吉林西部退化草地上生长的羊草不符合生长率假说.羊草茎中N、P呈显著的异速生长关系;羊草叶片中C、P以及N、P呈显著的异速生长关系,其余器官中C、N、P之间没有显著的相关关系.吉林西部退化草地中羊草的生长不符合3/4法则.     

Gastroprotective potential of frutalin, a D-galactose binding lectin, against ethanol-induced gastric lesions

The present study was designed to verify whether frutalin (FTL) affords gastroprotection against the ethanol-induced gastric damage and to examine the underlying mechanism(s). Gastric damage was induced by intragastric administration of 0.2 ml of ethanol (96%). Mice in groups were pretreated with FTL (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; i.p.), cimetidine (100 mg/kg; p.o.), or vehicle (0.9% of NaCl, 10 mL/kg; p.o.), 30 min before ethanol administration. They were sacrificed 30 min later, the stomachs excised, and the mucosal lesion area (mm2) measured by planimetry. Gastroprotection was assessed in relation to inhibition of gastric lesion area. To study the gastroprotective mechanism(s), its relations to capsaicin-sensitive fibers, endogenous prostaglandins, nitric oxide, sulphydryls, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, adrenoceptors, opioid receptors and calcium channels were analyzed. Treatments effects on ethanol-associated oxidative stress markers GSH and MDA were measured in gastric tissue. FTL afforded a dose-unrelated gastroprotection against the ethanol damage. However, it failed to prevent the ethanol-induced changes in the levels of GSH and MDA. It was observed that the gastroprotection by FTL was greatly reduced in animals pretreated with capsazepine, indomethacin, L-NAME or glibenclamide. Considering the results, it is suggested that the FTL could probably be a good therapeutic agent for the development of new medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcer.     

渤海矛尾复鰕虎鱼生殖力的研究

从渤海采集卵巢发育到Ⅳ和Ⅴ期的矛尾复鰕虎鱼32尾,采用重量法进行了生殖力的研究。结果表明:矛尾复鰕虎鱼为分批产卵类型,卵子呈卵圆型,卵径0.726mm±0.291mm;矛尾复鰕虎鱼的个体绝对生殖力为33 609±14 022粒,单位净体重生殖力为439.92±139.50粒/g,单位体长生殖力为1 176.08±227.08粒/mm。矛尾复鰕虎鱼个体绝对生殖力与体长、体宽、体重、净重、性腺重及肥满度相关关系密切,而与成熟系数相关关系不密切;体长相对生殖力与除成熟系数以外的其他生物学指标相关关系一般,与成熟系数相关关系不密切;净重相对生殖力与体长、体重、净重、性腺重、肥满度关系密切,与其他生物学指标相关性不强。     

德系安哥拉兔的生长特性

德系安哥拉兔不仅以产毛量高、毛质好而著称,而且有生长迅速、体成熟早、体型大的特点。六月龄时已达成年体重的87.37％。母兔的初配可在此时进行,公兔可延迟一个月配种。四月龄与六月龄体重和成年体重的相关系数分别为0.505与0.508,这为德系安哥拉兔体重的早期选择提供了有利时机。