水分活度及pH值对高水分烤虾品质和贮藏性的影响

[目的]为高水分烤虾的工业化生产提供理论依据。[方法]以冷冻南美白对虾为材料,研究了传统高水分烤虾的加工工艺及水分活度(Aw)、pH值对烤虾制品品质和贮藏性的影响。[结果]pH值为6.8时,Aw为(0.96±0.02)的产品贮藏10 d即达到货架期终点,菌落总数达106cfu/g以上,而Aw为(0.92±0.02)的产品贮藏60 d菌落总数仅为105cfu/g,Aw为0.90～0.92时,产品的感官品质最好;当Aw为0.94时,pH值为6.8的产品贮藏19 d即达到货架期终点,菌落总数超过106cfu/g,而pH值为5.8的产品贮藏30 d仍保持较好的感官品质。[结论]AW为0.92、pH值为5.8的产品保持了南美白对虾的原有风味。     

Identifying physiological traits associated with improved drought resistance in winter wheat

The association of specific target traits for drought resistance (early flowering, high accumulation of stem water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves, presence of awns and high green flag-leaf area persistence) with yield performance under late-season drought was analyzed utilizing two doubled-haploid (DH) populations derived from crosses between Beaver × Soissons and Rialto × Spark in two seasons 2000/2001 and 2001/2002. The aim was to quantify associations between target traits and yield responses to drought, and to prioritize traits for drought resistance. Flowering time variation had a neutral effect on the absolute yield loss under drought, suggesting there may be a trade-off between water-saving behaviour in the shorter pre-flowering period with early flowering and a reduced capacity to access water associated with a smaller rooting system. The presence of awns also had a neutral effect on yield loss under drought amongst lines of the Beaver × Soissons population. The potential advantages of awns for increasing water-use efficiency and sensible heat transfer responsible for a cooler canopy appeared to be of less significance under moderate droughts in the UK than under severe droughts in other regions worldwide. The value of large stem soluble carbohydrate reserves for drought environments alone could not be confirmed in the UK environment. Stem WSC was positively associated with grain yield under both irrigation and drought. The genetic trait which showed the clearest correlation with the ability to maintain yield under drought was green flag-leaf area persistence. Averaged across years, the positive phenotypic correlation of this trait with yield under drought amongst DH lines of the Beaver × Soissons population (r = 0.49; p ≤ 0.001) indicated the potential use of this trait as a selection criterion for yield under drought. It is suggested that screens for this trait including marker-assisted selection would have value in future breeding programmes aimed at improving yields in high yielding, rainfed environments, but where drought can also be a problem, such as the UK.     

阿维菌素降解菌株AW70的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从长期受阿维菌素农药污染的土壤中分离到一株能高效降解阿维菌素的菌株AW70.结合生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,将该菌株鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.),Gen Bank登录号为EU295449.菌株AW70能利用阿维菌素为唯一C源生长,在温度25℃～ 42℃和pH 6.5 ～ 8.5 范围时降解能力较好,其最适降解温度为30℃,最适初始pH值为7.48 h对50 mg/kg阿维菌素的降解率大于85%.南丰蜜桔上农药降解试验结果表明,喷施菌株AW70菌剂的蜜桔中未检测到阿维菌素的残留,表明该菌株具有良好的应用前景.     

Application of the Irrigation Land Environmental Evaluation Tool for flood irrigation management and evaluation of water use

Irrigated zones worldwide suffer from water deficits, making it necessary to analyze irrigation management and to study alternatives to maximize adequate partitioning and distribution of irrigation water. The objective of this study is to compare the water use efficiency before (2001) and after (2002–2008) implementation of a new irrigation management plan in an area operating with traditional methods.     

MC9S08AW 16单片机及其在电动助力转向中的应用

在介绍MC9S08AW16单片机的资源、开发工具及芯片的诸多优点的基础上详细讲述了它在电动助力转向器中的应用,并说明了如何通过软件改变CPU的时钟速度,从而改变运行速度。