Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

热处理对甜玉米酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究热处理对甜玉米中酚类和类黄酮物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响,分别测定新鲜甜玉米粒、甜玉米浆、甜玉米羹(将新鲜甜玉米粒打浆破碎后分别在105～125℃下高压灭菌处理25 min)3类材料提取物中的多酚和类黄酮物质含量。以FRAP、ABTS和DPPH 3个抗氧化指标来评价甜玉米提取物抗氧化能力和清除自由基能力。结果表明,酚类、类黄酮含量和FRAP值都随处理温度的升高而升高;ABTS和DPPH自由基清除能力也较未经热处理的甜玉米强;热处理能显著增强甜玉米的抗氧化能力。     

一种检测乳过氧化物酶方法的建立

【目的】建立一种简便、快速、精确的乳过氧化物酶（LP）检测方法。【方法】以ABTS为底物，利用动力学方法，建立了检测LP含量的ABTS法，并以优化后的体系检验ABTS法的精确度。【结果】以ABTS法检测LP含量的最佳反应条件为：吸收波长416nm，作用时间100s，pH5．5，ABTS浓度2mmol／L，H2O2浓度5mmol／L，工作温度25℃（室温）。经检验，该法的批内变异系数为2．39％，批间变异系数为3．42％，相关系数（R2）为0．9953，准确误差均未超过5．00％。【结论】以ABTS法检测LP精密度和准确度均较好，且操作步骤比较简便、快速，实现了对LP的简便、快速、精确检测。     

丝胶蛋白抗氧化肽的酶法制备及功能评价

为进一步开发利用废蚕丝,充分挖掘丝胶蛋白的可利用程度,该文研究了6种蛋白酶水解制备丝胶肽及产品的抗氧化活性。筛选出Alcalase碱性蛋白酶为制备丝胶抗氧化肽的理想蛋白酶,并以ABTS体系评价了丝胶肽的抗氧化活性。通过单因素试验研究了反应时间、底物浓度、反应温度、pH值、酶底物比对酶水解制备丝胶肽的影响;并通过回归正交旋转试验设计对水解条件进行优化,建立各因素与水解度和抗氧化活性的数学模型,确定Alcalase酶水解丝胶蛋白的最佳水解条件为:反应时间240min,底物浓度2%,反应温度55℃,pH8.5,酶底物比2.375%。最佳水解条件下水解度为33.35%,ABTS清除活性为43.19%。该研究为开发丝胶抗氧化肽功能产品提供了技术依据。     

豆渣纤维改性多糖的抗氧化活性研究

利用酶法降解豆渣纤维,得到不同时间段的豆渣纤维改性多糖,对其清除ABTS自由基、亚铁离子螯合能力进行评价。结果表明,降解时间2、4、6、8、10、12 h大豆多糖组分对ABTS自由基有一定的清除效果,降解12 h组对ABTS自由基清除效果最好,EC50值为(34.62±1.21)mg·mL-1;对亚铁离子有较好的螯合作用,并呈现剂量依赖性,2 h组大豆多糖组分对亚铁离子螯合能力最强,5 mg·mL-1浓度时,螯合率达到62.92%±2.31%。     

Contribution of flavonoids to the antioxidant properties of common and tartary buckwheat

The objective of this study was to characterize the flavonoid compounds found in the different grain parts of common and tartary buckwheat, and to determine the contribution of these flavonoids to the antioxidant properties of buckwheat. Eight flavonoid compounds were quantified and their antioxidant activity determined by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Of the flavonoid compounds identified rutin was the most abundant, particularly in tartary buckwheat, in which it comprised approximately 90% of total flavonoid content. Flavan-3-ols were detected in common but not tartary buckwheat, and quercetin was detected only in tartary buckwheat. Flavonoid content—in particular, levels of rutin, orientin, and/or epicatechin gallate—was found to influence the total antioxidant activity of buckwheat. Results from this study indicate that antioxidant activity is not only closely associated with flavonoid content, but that different flavonoids contribute differently to the total antioxidant activity of common and tartary buckwheat.     

刺五加叶不同部位抗氧化活性的研究

目的研究刺五加叶不同部位在不同浓度下的体外抗氧化活性。方法采用清除ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基评价法和测定还原性法,利用紫外分光光度计法测定刺五加叶的总提液、10%、30%和50%大孔吸附树脂醇洗脱部位在不同浓度下的抗氧化能力。结果刺五加叶不同部位抗氧化活性的强弱顺序为:30%部位>10%部位>总提液>50%部位,随着各部位浓度的增加,抗氧化能力增强。ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基模型中,在浓度为0.64mg/mL时,30%的部位对ABTS+DPPH自由基模最大清除率分别达到99.541%、95.331%,与同浓度VC的清除率接近,其次浓度0.64mg/mL的10%部位的最大清除率分别达到96.324%、88.033%。在还原性法测定中30%部位在浓度为0.64mg/mL时,吸光度为2.269,与VC较接近,同浓度时10%部位的吸光度为2.155,次于30%部位。结论刺五加叶抗氧化能力较好,各种评定方法结合分析,其30%部位最好,可以开发为抗氧化剂,为进一步研究和开发刺五加叶提供了科学依据。     

4种竹子竹叶黄酮质量分数及抗氧化活性的季节变化

以毛竹Phyllostachys edulis, 雷竹Phyllostachys violascens, 石竹Phyllostachys nuda和高节竹Phyllostachys prominens等4种竹子为研究对象, 用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定黄酮质量分数, 并采用DPPH·(1, 1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)法和ABTS+·[2, 2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐]法测定竹叶黄酮的抗氧化活性, 以考察竹叶黄酮质量分数和抗氧化活性随季节和竹种的变化规律。结果表明:春季毛竹的竹叶黄酮质量分数最高(2.12%±0.15%)(P<0.05), 夏季、秋季和冬季4种竹子间无显著性差异(P>0.05);石竹的竹叶黄酮质量分数四季变化不显著(P>0.05), 毛竹夏季的竹叶黄酮质量分数(2.36%±0.60%)高于冬季(1.52%±0.04%)(P<0.05), 雷竹(2.40%±0.17%)和高节竹(2.07%±0.13%)的竹叶黄酮质量分数以夏季最高。4种竹子的竹叶黄酮对DPPH·的清除能力都表现在夏季较强, 四季的各竹种竹叶黄酮对DPPH·的清除能力以毛竹较强。4种竹子的竹叶黄酮对ABTS+·的清除能力都表现在春季和秋季较强, 四季各竹种间差异性不大(P>0.05)。     

Optimization of hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme methods for ecosystem studies

Microbial digestive enzymes in soil and litter have been studied for over a half century, yet the understanding of microbial enzymes as drivers of ecosystem processes remains hindered by methodological differences among researchers and laboratories. Modern techniques enable the comparison of enzyme activities from different sites and experiments, but most researchers do not optimize enzyme assay methods for their study sites, and thus may not properly assay potential enzyme activity. In this review, we characterize important procedural details of enzyme assays, and define the steps necessary to properly assay potential enzyme activities in environmental samples. We make the following recommendations to investigators measuring soil enzyme activities: 1) run enzyme assays at the environmental pH and temperature; 2) run proper standards, and if using fluorescent substrates with NaOH addition, use a standard time of 1 min between the addition of NaOH and reading in a fluorometer; 3) run enzyme assays under saturating substrate concentrations to ensure V_max is being measured; 4) confirm that product is produced linearly over the duration of the assay; 5) examine whether mixing during the reaction is necessary to properly measure enzyme activity; 6) find the balance between dilution of soil homogenate and assay variation; and 7) ensure that enzyme activity values are properly calculated. These steps should help develop a unified understanding of enzyme activities in ecosystem ecology.     

Direct measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of cereal products

A simple and rapid procedure was developed for the direct measurement of the antioxidant capacity of cereals. It entails grinding of cereals, mixing with 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) reagent, centrifugation and measure of the absorbance. The ABTS reagent was dissolved in a mixture of ethanol:water (50:50, v/v), instead of 100% ethanol, in order to overcome low solubility of water-soluble antioxidant compounds of some cereals. A reaction time of 30 min allowed plateau values to be reached during the antioxidant capacity measurement of cereal samples. The accuracy of the direct procedure was confirmed by measuring, in solid state, the antioxidant activity of pure phenolic compounds.The direct procedure gave results of total antioxidant capacities significantly higher than those determined by the traditional procedure (multiple extraction followed by alkaline hydrolysis) for most whole meal cereals, suggesting that such a procedure was not always sufficient to properly assess the antioxidant capacity of bound phenolic compounds in cereals. The proposed extraction-independent procedure for measuring antioxidant capacity of cereals will facilitate the inter-laboratory data comparison, the construction of reliable antioxidant capacity database and the screening of large sampling of cereals for their nutraceutical characteristics.